Application of Agricultural Waste as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production
In this modern era, it has become essential to transform waste materials into valuables because of their excessive availability, along with achieving the targets of environmental protocols and waste management policies. With a growing population, the utilization and consumption of agricultural produ...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Catalysts |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/10/1215 |
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| author | Haris Mahmood Khan Tanveer Iqbal Saima Yasin Chaudhry Haider Ali Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas Muhammad Asif Jamil Abrar Hussain Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar Muhammad Muhitur Rahman |
| author_facet | Haris Mahmood Khan Tanveer Iqbal Saima Yasin Chaudhry Haider Ali Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas Muhammad Asif Jamil Abrar Hussain Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar Muhammad Muhitur Rahman |
| author_sort | Haris Mahmood Khan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this modern era, it has become essential to transform waste materials into valuables because of their excessive availability, along with achieving the targets of environmental protocols and waste management policies. With a growing population, the utilization and consumption of agricultural products have been increased extensively. In addition, it has increased the probability of agricultural waste generation. Waste produced from agricultural sources is considered as a viable source for synthesizing economical and ecofriendly catalysts and suitable ways for its disposal are sought. This study is targeted at agricultural waste-derived heterogeneous catalysts, which have been effectively employed for biodiesel generation. The types of agricultural waste, catalyst synthesis techniques, recent literature stated for agricultural waste-derived catalysts to produce biodiesel, the elemental composition and catalytic activity of agricultural waste ashes, the effect of reaction parameters to maximize biodiesel yield and catalyst reusability have been discussed. This work concludes that catalysts derived from agricultural waste are efficient in transesterification reaction, and they are easy to produce, and are cheap and ecofriendly. Moreover, this study encourages researchers to see the options for unexplored agricultural waste, which can be potentially converted into useful materials |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:40:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-99af51c37bf84f718f899574bccb4038 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4344 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:40:38Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Catalysts |
| spelling | doaj.art-99af51c37bf84f718f899574bccb40382023-11-22T17:44:00ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442021-10-011110121510.3390/catal11101215Application of Agricultural Waste as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel ProductionHaris Mahmood Khan0Tanveer Iqbal1Saima Yasin2Chaudhry Haider Ali3Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas4Muhammad Asif Jamil5Abrar Hussain6Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar7Muhammad Muhitur Rahman8Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore (New Campus), Lahore 54890, PakistanDepartment of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore (New Campus), Lahore 54890, PakistanDepartment of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore (New Campus), Lahore 54890, PakistanDepartment of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore (New Campus), Lahore 54890, PakistanCenter for Energy Science, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore (New Campus), Lahore 54890, PakistanDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 12616 Tallinn, EstoniaCenter for Energy Science, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaIn this modern era, it has become essential to transform waste materials into valuables because of their excessive availability, along with achieving the targets of environmental protocols and waste management policies. With a growing population, the utilization and consumption of agricultural products have been increased extensively. In addition, it has increased the probability of agricultural waste generation. Waste produced from agricultural sources is considered as a viable source for synthesizing economical and ecofriendly catalysts and suitable ways for its disposal are sought. This study is targeted at agricultural waste-derived heterogeneous catalysts, which have been effectively employed for biodiesel generation. The types of agricultural waste, catalyst synthesis techniques, recent literature stated for agricultural waste-derived catalysts to produce biodiesel, the elemental composition and catalytic activity of agricultural waste ashes, the effect of reaction parameters to maximize biodiesel yield and catalyst reusability have been discussed. This work concludes that catalysts derived from agricultural waste are efficient in transesterification reaction, and they are easy to produce, and are cheap and ecofriendly. Moreover, this study encourages researchers to see the options for unexplored agricultural waste, which can be potentially converted into useful materialshttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/10/1215agricultural wasteheterogeneous catalystsbiodieselyield |
| spellingShingle | Haris Mahmood Khan Tanveer Iqbal Saima Yasin Chaudhry Haider Ali Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas Muhammad Asif Jamil Abrar Hussain Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar Muhammad Muhitur Rahman Application of Agricultural Waste as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production Catalysts agricultural waste heterogeneous catalysts biodiesel yield |
| title | Application of Agricultural Waste as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production |
| title_full | Application of Agricultural Waste as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production |
| title_fullStr | Application of Agricultural Waste as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of Agricultural Waste as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production |
| title_short | Application of Agricultural Waste as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production |
| title_sort | application of agricultural waste as heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production |
| topic | agricultural waste heterogeneous catalysts biodiesel yield |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/10/1215 |
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