Upper airway flow characteristics of childhood obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome
Abstract Revealing the structural morphology and inner flow field of the upper airway is important for understanding obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) incidence phenomena and pathological diagnosis in children. However, prior work on this topic has been focused on adults and the find...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2022-05-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-10367-w |
| _version_ | 1818251144774811648 |
|---|---|
| author | Huikun Cai Chang Xu Haoyang Xue Yufeng Guo Lijun Su Xingqiang Gao |
| author_facet | Huikun Cai Chang Xu Haoyang Xue Yufeng Guo Lijun Su Xingqiang Gao |
| author_sort | Huikun Cai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Revealing the structural morphology and inner flow field of the upper airway is important for understanding obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) incidence phenomena and pathological diagnosis in children. However, prior work on this topic has been focused on adults and the findings cannot be directly extrapolated to children because of different inducing factors. Therefore, this paper employs a simulation method to investigate upper airway flow characteristics of childhood OSAHS. It is found that the Reynold number changes highly throughout the whole upper airway, and the laminar assumption is no longer suitable for low Reynold number flow, which is much unlike classic fluid mechanics. Turbulent models of Standard k-ω and Spalart-Allmaras were developed prior to suggestion. The simulation is validated by experiments with an error of approximately 20%. Additionally, carried out in this analysis is the influence of adenoidal hypertrophy with different narrow levels. The cross-sectional area, flow velocity, pressure drop and volume rate will change greatly when the narrow level is above 64% of the upper airway, which can be a quantitative explanation for medical intervention if adenoid hypertrophy blocks 2/3 of the upper airway in the common clinical judgment of otorhinolaryngology. It is expected that this paper can be a meaningful instruction on OSAHS surgery plan making as well as recovery evaluation postoperatively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T16:03:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-99b02939c88245209f4865114cc2d87d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T16:03:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-99b02939c88245209f4865114cc2d87d2022-12-22T00:19:21ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-05-0112111110.1038/s41598-022-10367-wUpper airway flow characteristics of childhood obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndromeHuikun Cai0Chang Xu1Haoyang Xue2Yufeng Guo3Lijun Su4Xingqiang Gao5Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen UniversityDepartment of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen UniversityDepartment of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen UniversityChildren’s Hospital of XiamenDepartment of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen UniversityChildren’s Hospital of XiamenAbstract Revealing the structural morphology and inner flow field of the upper airway is important for understanding obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) incidence phenomena and pathological diagnosis in children. However, prior work on this topic has been focused on adults and the findings cannot be directly extrapolated to children because of different inducing factors. Therefore, this paper employs a simulation method to investigate upper airway flow characteristics of childhood OSAHS. It is found that the Reynold number changes highly throughout the whole upper airway, and the laminar assumption is no longer suitable for low Reynold number flow, which is much unlike classic fluid mechanics. Turbulent models of Standard k-ω and Spalart-Allmaras were developed prior to suggestion. The simulation is validated by experiments with an error of approximately 20%. Additionally, carried out in this analysis is the influence of adenoidal hypertrophy with different narrow levels. The cross-sectional area, flow velocity, pressure drop and volume rate will change greatly when the narrow level is above 64% of the upper airway, which can be a quantitative explanation for medical intervention if adenoid hypertrophy blocks 2/3 of the upper airway in the common clinical judgment of otorhinolaryngology. It is expected that this paper can be a meaningful instruction on OSAHS surgery plan making as well as recovery evaluation postoperatively.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-10367-w |
| spellingShingle | Huikun Cai Chang Xu Haoyang Xue Yufeng Guo Lijun Su Xingqiang Gao Upper airway flow characteristics of childhood obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome Scientific Reports |
| title | Upper airway flow characteristics of childhood obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome |
| title_full | Upper airway flow characteristics of childhood obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome |
| title_fullStr | Upper airway flow characteristics of childhood obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome |
| title_full_unstemmed | Upper airway flow characteristics of childhood obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome |
| title_short | Upper airway flow characteristics of childhood obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome |
| title_sort | upper airway flow characteristics of childhood obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-10367-w |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT huikuncai upperairwayflowcharacteristicsofchildhoodobstructivesleepapneahypopneasyndrome AT changxu upperairwayflowcharacteristicsofchildhoodobstructivesleepapneahypopneasyndrome AT haoyangxue upperairwayflowcharacteristicsofchildhoodobstructivesleepapneahypopneasyndrome AT yufengguo upperairwayflowcharacteristicsofchildhoodobstructivesleepapneahypopneasyndrome AT lijunsu upperairwayflowcharacteristicsofchildhoodobstructivesleepapneahypopneasyndrome AT xingqianggao upperairwayflowcharacteristicsofchildhoodobstructivesleepapneahypopneasyndrome |