The effects of selected sedatives on basal and stimulated serum cortisol concentrations in healthy dogs
Background Hormone assessment is typically recommended for awake, unsedated dogs. However, one of the most commonly asked questions from veterinary practitioners to the endocrinology laboratory is how sedation impacts cortisol concentrations and the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation tes...
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PeerJ Inc.
2024-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/16955.pdf |
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| author | Adam Hunt Shelly Olin Jacqueline C. Whittemore Alejandro Esteller-Vico Cary Springer Luca Giori |
| author_facet | Adam Hunt Shelly Olin Jacqueline C. Whittemore Alejandro Esteller-Vico Cary Springer Luca Giori |
| author_sort | Adam Hunt |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Hormone assessment is typically recommended for awake, unsedated dogs. However, one of the most commonly asked questions from veterinary practitioners to the endocrinology laboratory is how sedation impacts cortisol concentrations and the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test. Butorphanol, dexmedetomidine, and trazodone are common sedatives for dogs, but their impact on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of butorphanol, dexmedetomidine, and trazodone on serum cortisol concentrations. Methods Twelve healthy beagles were included in a prospective, randomized, four-period crossover design study with a 7-day washout. ACTH stimulation test results were determined after saline (0.5 mL IV), butorphanol (0.3 mg/kg IV), dexmedetomidine (4 µg/kg IV), and trazodone (3–5 mg/kg PO) administration. Results Compared to saline, butorphanol increased basal (median 11.75 µg/dL (range 2.50–23.00) (324.13 nmol/L; range 68.97–634.48) vs 1.27 µg/dL (0.74–2.10) (35.03 nmol/L; 20.41–57.93); P < 0.0001) and post-ACTH cortisol concentrations (17.05 µg/dL (12.40–26.00) (470.34 nmol/L; 342.07–717.24) vs 13.75 µg/dL (10.00–18.90) (379.31 nmol/L; 275.96–521.38); P ≤ 0.0001). Dexmedetomidine and trazodone did not significantly affect basal (1.55 µg/dL (range 0.75–1.55) (42.76 nmol/L; 20.69–42.76); P = 0.33 and 0.79 µg/dL (range 0.69–1.89) (21.79 nmol/L; 19.03–52.14); P = 0.13, respectively, vs saline 1.27 (0.74–2.10) (35.03 nmol/L; 20.41–57.93)) or post-ACTH cortisol concentrations (14.35 µg/dL (range 10.70–18.00) (395.86 nmol/L; 295.17–496.55); (P = 0.98 and 12.90 µg/dL (range 8.94–17.40) (355.86 nmol/L; 246.62–480); P = 0.65), respectively, vs saline 13.75 µg/dL (10.00–18.60) (379.31 nmol/L; 275.86–513.10). Conclusion Butorphanol administration should be avoided prior to ACTH stimulation testing in dogs. Further evaluation of dexmedetomidine and trazodone’s effects on adrenocortical hormone testing in dogs suspected of HPA derangements is warranted to confirm they do not impact clinical diagnosis. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-99b16f02895747ca89d98ac928a7c9c82024-02-22T15:05:16ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592024-02-0112e1695510.7717/peerj.16955The effects of selected sedatives on basal and stimulated serum cortisol concentrations in healthy dogsAdam Hunt0Shelly Olin1Jacqueline C. Whittemore2Alejandro Esteller-Vico3Cary Springer4Luca Giori5Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, United States of AmericaDepartment of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, United States of AmericaAnimal Emergency and Specialty Center, Knoxville, TN, United States of AmericaUniversity of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, TN, United States of AmericaResearch Computing Support, Office of Information Technology, University of Tennessee–Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States of AmericaUniversity of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, TN, United States of AmericaBackground Hormone assessment is typically recommended for awake, unsedated dogs. However, one of the most commonly asked questions from veterinary practitioners to the endocrinology laboratory is how sedation impacts cortisol concentrations and the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test. Butorphanol, dexmedetomidine, and trazodone are common sedatives for dogs, but their impact on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of butorphanol, dexmedetomidine, and trazodone on serum cortisol concentrations. Methods Twelve healthy beagles were included in a prospective, randomized, four-period crossover design study with a 7-day washout. ACTH stimulation test results were determined after saline (0.5 mL IV), butorphanol (0.3 mg/kg IV), dexmedetomidine (4 µg/kg IV), and trazodone (3–5 mg/kg PO) administration. Results Compared to saline, butorphanol increased basal (median 11.75 µg/dL (range 2.50–23.00) (324.13 nmol/L; range 68.97–634.48) vs 1.27 µg/dL (0.74–2.10) (35.03 nmol/L; 20.41–57.93); P < 0.0001) and post-ACTH cortisol concentrations (17.05 µg/dL (12.40–26.00) (470.34 nmol/L; 342.07–717.24) vs 13.75 µg/dL (10.00–18.90) (379.31 nmol/L; 275.96–521.38); P ≤ 0.0001). Dexmedetomidine and trazodone did not significantly affect basal (1.55 µg/dL (range 0.75–1.55) (42.76 nmol/L; 20.69–42.76); P = 0.33 and 0.79 µg/dL (range 0.69–1.89) (21.79 nmol/L; 19.03–52.14); P = 0.13, respectively, vs saline 1.27 (0.74–2.10) (35.03 nmol/L; 20.41–57.93)) or post-ACTH cortisol concentrations (14.35 µg/dL (range 10.70–18.00) (395.86 nmol/L; 295.17–496.55); (P = 0.98 and 12.90 µg/dL (range 8.94–17.40) (355.86 nmol/L; 246.62–480); P = 0.65), respectively, vs saline 13.75 µg/dL (10.00–18.60) (379.31 nmol/L; 275.86–513.10). Conclusion Butorphanol administration should be avoided prior to ACTH stimulation testing in dogs. Further evaluation of dexmedetomidine and trazodone’s effects on adrenocortical hormone testing in dogs suspected of HPA derangements is warranted to confirm they do not impact clinical diagnosis.https://peerj.com/articles/16955.pdfHyperadrenocorticismHypoadrenocorticismCushingsAddisonsCortisolSedation |
| spellingShingle | Adam Hunt Shelly Olin Jacqueline C. Whittemore Alejandro Esteller-Vico Cary Springer Luca Giori The effects of selected sedatives on basal and stimulated serum cortisol concentrations in healthy dogs PeerJ Hyperadrenocorticism Hypoadrenocorticism Cushings Addisons Cortisol Sedation |
| title | The effects of selected sedatives on basal and stimulated serum cortisol concentrations in healthy dogs |
| title_full | The effects of selected sedatives on basal and stimulated serum cortisol concentrations in healthy dogs |
| title_fullStr | The effects of selected sedatives on basal and stimulated serum cortisol concentrations in healthy dogs |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effects of selected sedatives on basal and stimulated serum cortisol concentrations in healthy dogs |
| title_short | The effects of selected sedatives on basal and stimulated serum cortisol concentrations in healthy dogs |
| title_sort | effects of selected sedatives on basal and stimulated serum cortisol concentrations in healthy dogs |
| topic | Hyperadrenocorticism Hypoadrenocorticism Cushings Addisons Cortisol Sedation |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/16955.pdf |
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