Smoking and coronary artery disease risk in patients with diabetes: A Mendelian randomization study
BackgroundPrevious observational studies have shown an association between smoking and coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with diabetes. Whether this association reflects causality remains unestablished. This study aimed to explore the causal effect of smoking on CAD in patients with diabetes...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.891947/full |
| _version_ | 1828054063965536256 |
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| author | Songzan Chen Songzan Chen Fangkun Yang Tian Xu Tian Xu Yao Wang Yao Wang Kaijie Zhang Kaijie Zhang Guosheng Fu Guosheng Fu Wenbin Zhang Wenbin Zhang |
| author_facet | Songzan Chen Songzan Chen Fangkun Yang Tian Xu Tian Xu Yao Wang Yao Wang Kaijie Zhang Kaijie Zhang Guosheng Fu Guosheng Fu Wenbin Zhang Wenbin Zhang |
| author_sort | Songzan Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundPrevious observational studies have shown an association between smoking and coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with diabetes. Whether this association reflects causality remains unestablished. This study aimed to explore the causal effect of smoking on CAD in patients with diabetes.MethodsGenetic signatures for smoking were extracted from a large genome-wide association study (GWAS), consisted of up to 1.2 million participants. Four smoking phenotypes were included: smoking initiation, cigarettes per day, age at initiation of regular smoking, and smoking cessation. Genetic associations with CAD in patients with diabetes were extracted from another GWAS, which included 15,666 participants (3,968 CAD cases and 11,696 controls). The analyses were performed using the univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) method.ResultsMR analysis revealed that smoking initiation was positively related to CAD risk in patients with diabetes (OR = 1.322, 95% CI = 1.114 – 1.568, P = 0.001), but this association was attenuated when adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors (OR = 1.212, 95% CI = 1.008 – 1.457, P = 0.041). Age at initiation of regular smoking was negatively related to CAD in patients with diabetes (OR = 0.214, 95% CI = 0.070 – 0.656, P = 0.007), but this association became insignificant when adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors.ConclusionsThis study supported the effect of smoking initiation on the risk of CAD in patients with diabetes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:16:43Z |
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| id | doaj.art-99b190e33af743fdacf1cf1ab74ba6db |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:16:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-99b190e33af743fdacf1cf1ab74ba6db2023-01-26T04:50:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-01-011410.3389/fimmu.2023.891947891947Smoking and coronary artery disease risk in patients with diabetes: A Mendelian randomization studySongzan Chen0Songzan Chen1Fangkun Yang2Tian Xu3Tian Xu4Yao Wang5Yao Wang6Kaijie Zhang7Kaijie Zhang8Guosheng Fu9Guosheng Fu10Wenbin Zhang11Wenbin Zhang12Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, ChinaBackgroundPrevious observational studies have shown an association between smoking and coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with diabetes. Whether this association reflects causality remains unestablished. This study aimed to explore the causal effect of smoking on CAD in patients with diabetes.MethodsGenetic signatures for smoking were extracted from a large genome-wide association study (GWAS), consisted of up to 1.2 million participants. Four smoking phenotypes were included: smoking initiation, cigarettes per day, age at initiation of regular smoking, and smoking cessation. Genetic associations with CAD in patients with diabetes were extracted from another GWAS, which included 15,666 participants (3,968 CAD cases and 11,696 controls). The analyses were performed using the univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) method.ResultsMR analysis revealed that smoking initiation was positively related to CAD risk in patients with diabetes (OR = 1.322, 95% CI = 1.114 – 1.568, P = 0.001), but this association was attenuated when adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors (OR = 1.212, 95% CI = 1.008 – 1.457, P = 0.041). Age at initiation of regular smoking was negatively related to CAD in patients with diabetes (OR = 0.214, 95% CI = 0.070 – 0.656, P = 0.007), but this association became insignificant when adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors.ConclusionsThis study supported the effect of smoking initiation on the risk of CAD in patients with diabetes.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.891947/fullmendelian randomizationcoronary artery diseasecardiovascular risk factorssmokingdiabetes |
| spellingShingle | Songzan Chen Songzan Chen Fangkun Yang Tian Xu Tian Xu Yao Wang Yao Wang Kaijie Zhang Kaijie Zhang Guosheng Fu Guosheng Fu Wenbin Zhang Wenbin Zhang Smoking and coronary artery disease risk in patients with diabetes: A Mendelian randomization study Frontiers in Immunology mendelian randomization coronary artery disease cardiovascular risk factors smoking diabetes |
| title | Smoking and coronary artery disease risk in patients with diabetes: A Mendelian randomization study |
| title_full | Smoking and coronary artery disease risk in patients with diabetes: A Mendelian randomization study |
| title_fullStr | Smoking and coronary artery disease risk in patients with diabetes: A Mendelian randomization study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Smoking and coronary artery disease risk in patients with diabetes: A Mendelian randomization study |
| title_short | Smoking and coronary artery disease risk in patients with diabetes: A Mendelian randomization study |
| title_sort | smoking and coronary artery disease risk in patients with diabetes a mendelian randomization study |
| topic | mendelian randomization coronary artery disease cardiovascular risk factors smoking diabetes |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.891947/full |
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