Utilization of Spent Coffee Grounds as a Sustainable Resource for the Synthesis of Bioplastic Composites with Polylactic Acid, Starch, and Sucrose
Polylactic Acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer, but the cost of PLA is not competitive compared to polyolefins. The development of bioplastic composites by blending PLA with spent coffee grounds (SCG) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) is an effective way to reduce the cost of PLA. This study aimed to...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Composites Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/7/12/512 |
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| author | Sri Yustikasari Masssijaya Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis Rossy Choerun Nissa Yeyen Nurhamiyah Pramono Nugroho Petar Antov Seng-Hua Lee Antonios N. Papadopoulos Sukma Surya Kusumah Lina Karlinasari |
| author_facet | Sri Yustikasari Masssijaya Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis Rossy Choerun Nissa Yeyen Nurhamiyah Pramono Nugroho Petar Antov Seng-Hua Lee Antonios N. Papadopoulos Sukma Surya Kusumah Lina Karlinasari |
| author_sort | Sri Yustikasari Masssijaya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polylactic Acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer, but the cost of PLA is not competitive compared to polyolefins. The development of bioplastic composites by blending PLA with spent coffee grounds (SCG) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) is an effective way to reduce the cost of PLA. This study aimed to investigate and evaluate the feasibility of using SCG to develop bioplastic composite materials with a blend of PLA and TPS. Bioplastics were fabricated with various SCG contents (5, 10, 15 wt%). The physical and mechanical characteristics of the bioplastic composite decreased as the SCG content increased owing to the higher aggregation caused by SCG dust. However, the bioplastics manufactured with the addition of SCG exhibited enhanced crystallinity, resulting in enhanced thermal properties compared to the composites without SCG. The best characteristics of bioplastics, obtained with a 5% SCG addition, were as follows: water vapor transmission rate of 1276 g d/m<sup>2</sup>, water vapor permeability (WVP) of 1.86256 × 10<sup>−7</sup> g/ms Pa, Young’s modulus of 420 MPa, elongation of 2.59%, and tensile strength of 5 MPa. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the addition of SCG is not recommended for improving the physical and mechanical properties of bioplastics. However, owing to its large content of organic compounds, SCG represents a promising and low-cost functional material that can be exploited in the development of various value-added products. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:39:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-99c978f7ba21450991a3b0c42949de03 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2504-477X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:39:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Composites Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-99c978f7ba21450991a3b0c42949de032023-12-22T14:17:53ZengMDPI AGJournal of Composites Science2504-477X2023-12-0171251210.3390/jcs7120512Utilization of Spent Coffee Grounds as a Sustainable Resource for the Synthesis of Bioplastic Composites with Polylactic Acid, Starch, and SucroseSri Yustikasari Masssijaya0Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis1Rossy Choerun Nissa2Yeyen Nurhamiyah3Pramono Nugroho4Petar Antov5Seng-Hua Lee6Antonios N. Papadopoulos7Sukma Surya Kusumah8Lina Karlinasari9Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor 16680, IndonesiaResearch Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Bogor Km. 46, Bogor 16911, IndonesiaResearch Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Bogor Km. 46, Bogor 16911, IndonesiaResearch Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Bogor Km. 46, Bogor 16911, IndonesiaResearch Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Bogor Km. 46, Bogor 16911, IndonesiaFaculty of Forest Industry, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Wood Industry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Pahang Kampus Jengka, Shah Alam 26400, MalaysiaLaboratory of Wood Chemistry and Technology, Department of Forestry and Natural Environment, International Hellenic University, 661 00 Drama, GreeceResearch Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Bogor Km. 46, Bogor 16911, IndonesiaDepartment of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor 16680, IndonesiaPolylactic Acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer, but the cost of PLA is not competitive compared to polyolefins. The development of bioplastic composites by blending PLA with spent coffee grounds (SCG) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) is an effective way to reduce the cost of PLA. This study aimed to investigate and evaluate the feasibility of using SCG to develop bioplastic composite materials with a blend of PLA and TPS. Bioplastics were fabricated with various SCG contents (5, 10, 15 wt%). The physical and mechanical characteristics of the bioplastic composite decreased as the SCG content increased owing to the higher aggregation caused by SCG dust. However, the bioplastics manufactured with the addition of SCG exhibited enhanced crystallinity, resulting in enhanced thermal properties compared to the composites without SCG. The best characteristics of bioplastics, obtained with a 5% SCG addition, were as follows: water vapor transmission rate of 1276 g d/m<sup>2</sup>, water vapor permeability (WVP) of 1.86256 × 10<sup>−7</sup> g/ms Pa, Young’s modulus of 420 MPa, elongation of 2.59%, and tensile strength of 5 MPa. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the addition of SCG is not recommended for improving the physical and mechanical properties of bioplastics. However, owing to its large content of organic compounds, SCG represents a promising and low-cost functional material that can be exploited in the development of various value-added products.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/7/12/512bioplastic compositephysical propertiespolylactic acidspent coffee groundsthermal stability |
| spellingShingle | Sri Yustikasari Masssijaya Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis Rossy Choerun Nissa Yeyen Nurhamiyah Pramono Nugroho Petar Antov Seng-Hua Lee Antonios N. Papadopoulos Sukma Surya Kusumah Lina Karlinasari Utilization of Spent Coffee Grounds as a Sustainable Resource for the Synthesis of Bioplastic Composites with Polylactic Acid, Starch, and Sucrose Journal of Composites Science bioplastic composite physical properties polylactic acid spent coffee grounds thermal stability |
| title | Utilization of Spent Coffee Grounds as a Sustainable Resource for the Synthesis of Bioplastic Composites with Polylactic Acid, Starch, and Sucrose |
| title_full | Utilization of Spent Coffee Grounds as a Sustainable Resource for the Synthesis of Bioplastic Composites with Polylactic Acid, Starch, and Sucrose |
| title_fullStr | Utilization of Spent Coffee Grounds as a Sustainable Resource for the Synthesis of Bioplastic Composites with Polylactic Acid, Starch, and Sucrose |
| title_full_unstemmed | Utilization of Spent Coffee Grounds as a Sustainable Resource for the Synthesis of Bioplastic Composites with Polylactic Acid, Starch, and Sucrose |
| title_short | Utilization of Spent Coffee Grounds as a Sustainable Resource for the Synthesis of Bioplastic Composites with Polylactic Acid, Starch, and Sucrose |
| title_sort | utilization of spent coffee grounds as a sustainable resource for the synthesis of bioplastic composites with polylactic acid starch and sucrose |
| topic | bioplastic composite physical properties polylactic acid spent coffee grounds thermal stability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/7/12/512 |
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