Comparison of Relief Shading Techniques Applied to Landforms
As relief influences disposition of all the other objects displayed on maps, terrain representation plays one of the key roles in the map creation process. Originally a manual technique, relief shading creates the three-dimensional effect and allows the user to read the terrain in an intuitive way....
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/4/253 |
| _version_ | 1797570327729930240 |
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| author | Marianna Farmakis-Serebryakova Lorenz Hurni |
| author_facet | Marianna Farmakis-Serebryakova Lorenz Hurni |
| author_sort | Marianna Farmakis-Serebryakova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As relief influences disposition of all the other objects displayed on maps, terrain representation plays one of the key roles in the map creation process. Originally a manual technique, relief shading creates the three-dimensional effect and allows the user to read the terrain in an intuitive way. With the advent of digital elevation models (DEMs) analytical relief shading came into a wider use, since it is faster, requires less effort, and delivers reproducible results. In contrast to manual relief shading, however, it often lacks clarity when representing heterogeneous landscapes with diverse landforms. The aim of this work is to evaluate analytical hillshading methods against a set of landforms within an online survey. The responses revealed that the clear sky model performs best applied to most of the landforms included in the survey, in particular all the mountain and valley types. Cluster shading proved to work well for the mountainous and hilly areas but less so in the depiction of valleys. Texture shading and the multidirectional, oblique-weighted (MDOW) method deliver too much detail for most of the landforms presented. Glaciers were depicted in the best way using the aspect tool. For alluvial fans, the standard relief shading with custom lighting direction proved to work best compared to the other methods. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:23:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-99d0eb55f16341be85f4fdd092fd3c59 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2220-9964 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:23:23Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |
| spelling | doaj.art-99d0eb55f16341be85f4fdd092fd3c592023-11-19T22:00:36ZengMDPI AGISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information2220-99642020-04-019425310.3390/ijgi9040253Comparison of Relief Shading Techniques Applied to LandformsMarianna Farmakis-Serebryakova0Lorenz Hurni1Institute of Cartography and Geoinformation, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute of Cartography and Geoinformation, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, SwitzerlandAs relief influences disposition of all the other objects displayed on maps, terrain representation plays one of the key roles in the map creation process. Originally a manual technique, relief shading creates the three-dimensional effect and allows the user to read the terrain in an intuitive way. With the advent of digital elevation models (DEMs) analytical relief shading came into a wider use, since it is faster, requires less effort, and delivers reproducible results. In contrast to manual relief shading, however, it often lacks clarity when representing heterogeneous landscapes with diverse landforms. The aim of this work is to evaluate analytical hillshading methods against a set of landforms within an online survey. The responses revealed that the clear sky model performs best applied to most of the landforms included in the survey, in particular all the mountain and valley types. Cluster shading proved to work well for the mountainous and hilly areas but less so in the depiction of valleys. Texture shading and the multidirectional, oblique-weighted (MDOW) method deliver too much detail for most of the landforms presented. Glaciers were depicted in the best way using the aspect tool. For alluvial fans, the standard relief shading with custom lighting direction proved to work best compared to the other methods.https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/4/253manual relief shadinganalytical relief shadinglandformsuser survey |
| spellingShingle | Marianna Farmakis-Serebryakova Lorenz Hurni Comparison of Relief Shading Techniques Applied to Landforms ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information manual relief shading analytical relief shading landforms user survey |
| title | Comparison of Relief Shading Techniques Applied to Landforms |
| title_full | Comparison of Relief Shading Techniques Applied to Landforms |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Relief Shading Techniques Applied to Landforms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Relief Shading Techniques Applied to Landforms |
| title_short | Comparison of Relief Shading Techniques Applied to Landforms |
| title_sort | comparison of relief shading techniques applied to landforms |
| topic | manual relief shading analytical relief shading landforms user survey |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/4/253 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mariannafarmakisserebryakova comparisonofreliefshadingtechniquesappliedtolandforms AT lorenzhurni comparisonofreliefshadingtechniquesappliedtolandforms |