Soil Compaction after Increasing the Number of Wheeled Tractors Passes on Forest Soils in West Carpathians
Soil disturbance and compaction are inherent in ground-based harvesting operations. These changes are affected by numerous factors, related mainly to the technical parameters of the machines, soil conditions, and the technology used. This study aimed to analyze the changes of surface layers of soil...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/1/109 |
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| author | Michal Allman Zuzana Dudáková Martin Jankovský Mária Vlčková Vladimír Juško Daniel Tomčík |
| author_facet | Michal Allman Zuzana Dudáková Martin Jankovský Mária Vlčková Vladimír Juško Daniel Tomčík |
| author_sort | Michal Allman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soil disturbance and compaction are inherent in ground-based harvesting operations. These changes are affected by numerous factors, related mainly to the technical parameters of the machines, soil conditions, and the technology used. This study aimed to analyze the changes of surface layers of soil caused by skidder traffic without loads on the Cambisols of Western Carpathians. We observed changes in the soil bulk density and penetration resistance. The results showed that only machine traffic caused a 0.32 to 0.35 (g cm<sup>−3</sup>) increase in soil bulk density. Besides machine traffic, bulk density was affected by soil moisture content. Penetration resistance of soil increased by 0.15 to 1.04 (MPa) after traffic of 40 machines. Penetration resistance showed a lower increase after traffic, and regression and correlation analysis proved a relationship between penetration resistance, skeleton content, and penetration depth, besides the number of machine passes (<i>r</i> = 0.33–0.55). Observing the changes in the physical properties of soils caused by machine traffic allows for a more detailed view of the effects of forest harvesting machinery on forest soils. |
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| id | doaj.art-99d86e0d29ac4aba8f0e30ac361e3158 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:27:55Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-99d86e0d29ac4aba8f0e30ac361e31582023-11-23T13:48:00ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072022-01-0113110910.3390/f13010109Soil Compaction after Increasing the Number of Wheeled Tractors Passes on Forest Soils in West CarpathiansMichal Allman0Zuzana Dudáková1Martin Jankovský2Mária Vlčková3Vladimír Juško4Daniel Tomčík5Department of Forest Harvesting, Logistics and Ameliorations, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 96001 Zvolen, SlovakiaDepartment of Forest Harvesting, Logistics and Ameliorations, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 96001 Zvolen, SlovakiaDepartment of Forestry Technology and Constructions, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Suchdol, Czech RepublicDepartment of Forest Harvesting, Logistics and Ameliorations, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 96001 Zvolen, SlovakiaDepartment of Forest Harvesting, Logistics and Ameliorations, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 96001 Zvolen, SlovakiaDepartment of Forest Harvesting, Logistics and Ameliorations, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 96001 Zvolen, SlovakiaSoil disturbance and compaction are inherent in ground-based harvesting operations. These changes are affected by numerous factors, related mainly to the technical parameters of the machines, soil conditions, and the technology used. This study aimed to analyze the changes of surface layers of soil caused by skidder traffic without loads on the Cambisols of Western Carpathians. We observed changes in the soil bulk density and penetration resistance. The results showed that only machine traffic caused a 0.32 to 0.35 (g cm<sup>−3</sup>) increase in soil bulk density. Besides machine traffic, bulk density was affected by soil moisture content. Penetration resistance of soil increased by 0.15 to 1.04 (MPa) after traffic of 40 machines. Penetration resistance showed a lower increase after traffic, and regression and correlation analysis proved a relationship between penetration resistance, skeleton content, and penetration depth, besides the number of machine passes (<i>r</i> = 0.33–0.55). Observing the changes in the physical properties of soils caused by machine traffic allows for a more detailed view of the effects of forest harvesting machinery on forest soils.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/1/109Cambisolssoil disturbancebulk densitypenetration resistance |
| spellingShingle | Michal Allman Zuzana Dudáková Martin Jankovský Mária Vlčková Vladimír Juško Daniel Tomčík Soil Compaction after Increasing the Number of Wheeled Tractors Passes on Forest Soils in West Carpathians Forests Cambisols soil disturbance bulk density penetration resistance |
| title | Soil Compaction after Increasing the Number of Wheeled Tractors Passes on Forest Soils in West Carpathians |
| title_full | Soil Compaction after Increasing the Number of Wheeled Tractors Passes on Forest Soils in West Carpathians |
| title_fullStr | Soil Compaction after Increasing the Number of Wheeled Tractors Passes on Forest Soils in West Carpathians |
| title_full_unstemmed | Soil Compaction after Increasing the Number of Wheeled Tractors Passes on Forest Soils in West Carpathians |
| title_short | Soil Compaction after Increasing the Number of Wheeled Tractors Passes on Forest Soils in West Carpathians |
| title_sort | soil compaction after increasing the number of wheeled tractors passes on forest soils in west carpathians |
| topic | Cambisols soil disturbance bulk density penetration resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/1/109 |
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