Metformin Therapy Changes Gut Microbiota Alpha-Diversity in COVID-19 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Antibiotic Treatment
The gut microbiota play a crucial role in maintaining host health and have a significant impact on human health and disease. In this study, we investigated the alpha diversity of gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients and analyzed the impact of COVID-19 variants, antibiotic treatment, type 2 diabetes (...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/6/904 |
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| author | Pavlo Petakh Iryna Kamyshna Valentyn Oksenych Denis Kainov Aleksandr Kamyshnyi |
| author_facet | Pavlo Petakh Iryna Kamyshna Valentyn Oksenych Denis Kainov Aleksandr Kamyshnyi |
| author_sort | Pavlo Petakh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The gut microbiota play a crucial role in maintaining host health and have a significant impact on human health and disease. In this study, we investigated the alpha diversity of gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients and analyzed the impact of COVID-19 variants, antibiotic treatment, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and metformin therapy on gut microbiota composition and diversity. We used a culture-based method to analyze the gut microbiota and calculated alpha-diversity using the Shannon H′ and Simpson 1/D indices. We collected clinical data, such as the length of hospital stay (LoS), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. We found that patients with T2D had significantly lower alpha-diversity than those without T2D. Antibiotic use was associated with a reduction in alpha-diversity, while metformin therapy was associated with an increase. We did not find significant differences in alpha-diversity between the Delta and Omicron groups. The length of hospital stay, CRP levels, and NLR showed weak to moderate correlations with alpha diversity. Our findings suggest that maintaining a diverse gut microbiota may benefit COVID-19 patients with T2D. Interventions to preserve or restore gut microbiota diversity, such as avoiding unnecessary antibiotic use, promoting metformin therapy, and incorporating probiotics, may improve patient outcomes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:03:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-99dcfdd2919e4179b485f4504c69d226 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:03:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-99dcfdd2919e4179b485f4504c69d2262023-11-18T12:03:13ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472023-06-0116690410.3390/ph16060904Metformin Therapy Changes Gut Microbiota Alpha-Diversity in COVID-19 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Antibiotic TreatmentPavlo Petakh0Iryna Kamyshna1Valentyn Oksenych2Denis Kainov3Aleksandr Kamyshnyi4Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Uzhhorod National University, 88000 Uzhhorod, UkraineDepartment of Medical Rehabilitation, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, UkraineBroegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, NorwayDepartment for Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, NorwayDepartment of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, UkraineThe gut microbiota play a crucial role in maintaining host health and have a significant impact on human health and disease. In this study, we investigated the alpha diversity of gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients and analyzed the impact of COVID-19 variants, antibiotic treatment, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and metformin therapy on gut microbiota composition and diversity. We used a culture-based method to analyze the gut microbiota and calculated alpha-diversity using the Shannon H′ and Simpson 1/D indices. We collected clinical data, such as the length of hospital stay (LoS), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. We found that patients with T2D had significantly lower alpha-diversity than those without T2D. Antibiotic use was associated with a reduction in alpha-diversity, while metformin therapy was associated with an increase. We did not find significant differences in alpha-diversity between the Delta and Omicron groups. The length of hospital stay, CRP levels, and NLR showed weak to moderate correlations with alpha diversity. Our findings suggest that maintaining a diverse gut microbiota may benefit COVID-19 patients with T2D. Interventions to preserve or restore gut microbiota diversity, such as avoiding unnecessary antibiotic use, promoting metformin therapy, and incorporating probiotics, may improve patient outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/6/904COVID-19gut microbiotadiversitydiabetesmetformin |
| spellingShingle | Pavlo Petakh Iryna Kamyshna Valentyn Oksenych Denis Kainov Aleksandr Kamyshnyi Metformin Therapy Changes Gut Microbiota Alpha-Diversity in COVID-19 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Antibiotic Treatment Pharmaceuticals COVID-19 gut microbiota diversity diabetes metformin |
| title | Metformin Therapy Changes Gut Microbiota Alpha-Diversity in COVID-19 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Antibiotic Treatment |
| title_full | Metformin Therapy Changes Gut Microbiota Alpha-Diversity in COVID-19 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Antibiotic Treatment |
| title_fullStr | Metformin Therapy Changes Gut Microbiota Alpha-Diversity in COVID-19 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Antibiotic Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metformin Therapy Changes Gut Microbiota Alpha-Diversity in COVID-19 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Antibiotic Treatment |
| title_short | Metformin Therapy Changes Gut Microbiota Alpha-Diversity in COVID-19 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Antibiotic Treatment |
| title_sort | metformin therapy changes gut microbiota alpha diversity in covid 19 patients with type 2 diabetes the role of sars cov 2 variants and antibiotic treatment |
| topic | COVID-19 gut microbiota diversity diabetes metformin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/6/904 |
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