SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines Elicit Different Responses in Immunologically Naïve and Pre-Immune Humans
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, the authorization of vaccines for emergency use has been crucial in slowing down the rate of infection and transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19. In order to investigate the longitudinal serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 natural infection and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.728021/full |
| _version_ | 1831787665133928448 |
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| author | David Forgacs Hyesun Jang Rodrigo B. Abreu Hannah B. Hanley Jasper L. Gattiker Alexandria M. Jefferson Ted M. Ross Ted M. Ross |
| author_facet | David Forgacs Hyesun Jang Rodrigo B. Abreu Hannah B. Hanley Jasper L. Gattiker Alexandria M. Jefferson Ted M. Ross Ted M. Ross |
| author_sort | David Forgacs |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, the authorization of vaccines for emergency use has been crucial in slowing down the rate of infection and transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19. In order to investigate the longitudinal serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 natural infection and vaccination, a large-scale, multi-year serosurveillance program entitled SPARTA (SARS SeroPrevalence and Respiratory Tract Assessment) was initiated at 4 locations in the U.S. The serological assay presented here measuring IgG binding to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) detected antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination with a 95.5% sensitivity and a 95.9% specificity. We used this assay to screen more than 3100 participants and selected 20 previously infected pre-immune and 32 immunologically naïve participants to analyze their antibody binding to RBD and viral neutralization (VN) responses following vaccination with two doses of either the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 or the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine. Vaccination not only elicited a more robust immune reaction than natural infection, but the level of neutralizing and anti-RBD antibody binding after vaccination is also significantly higher in pre-immune participants compared to immunologically naïve participants (p<0.0033). Furthermore, the administration of the second vaccination did not further increase the neutralizing or binding antibody levels in pre-immune participants (p=0.69). However, ~46% of the immunologically naïve participants required both vaccinations to seroconvert. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T13:35:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-99e722dd9095478e96b2f8d6028f0fb7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T13:35:11Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-99e722dd9095478e96b2f8d6028f0fb72022-12-21T18:24:05ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242021-09-011210.3389/fimmu.2021.728021728021SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines Elicit Different Responses in Immunologically Naïve and Pre-Immune HumansDavid Forgacs0Hyesun Jang1Rodrigo B. Abreu2Hannah B. Hanley3Jasper L. Gattiker4Alexandria M. Jefferson5Ted M. Ross6Ted M. Ross7Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United StatesCenter for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United StatesCenter for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United StatesCenter for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United StatesCenter for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United StatesCenter for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United StatesCenter for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United StatesDepartment of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United StatesAs the COVID-19 pandemic continues, the authorization of vaccines for emergency use has been crucial in slowing down the rate of infection and transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19. In order to investigate the longitudinal serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 natural infection and vaccination, a large-scale, multi-year serosurveillance program entitled SPARTA (SARS SeroPrevalence and Respiratory Tract Assessment) was initiated at 4 locations in the U.S. The serological assay presented here measuring IgG binding to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) detected antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination with a 95.5% sensitivity and a 95.9% specificity. We used this assay to screen more than 3100 participants and selected 20 previously infected pre-immune and 32 immunologically naïve participants to analyze their antibody binding to RBD and viral neutralization (VN) responses following vaccination with two doses of either the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 or the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine. Vaccination not only elicited a more robust immune reaction than natural infection, but the level of neutralizing and anti-RBD antibody binding after vaccination is also significantly higher in pre-immune participants compared to immunologically naïve participants (p<0.0033). Furthermore, the administration of the second vaccination did not further increase the neutralizing or binding antibody levels in pre-immune participants (p=0.69). However, ~46% of the immunologically naïve participants required both vaccinations to seroconvert.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.728021/fullSARS-CoV-2coronavirusvaccinationimmunizationpre-immuneneutralization |
| spellingShingle | David Forgacs Hyesun Jang Rodrigo B. Abreu Hannah B. Hanley Jasper L. Gattiker Alexandria M. Jefferson Ted M. Ross Ted M. Ross SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines Elicit Different Responses in Immunologically Naïve and Pre-Immune Humans Frontiers in Immunology SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus vaccination immunization pre-immune neutralization |
| title | SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines Elicit Different Responses in Immunologically Naïve and Pre-Immune Humans |
| title_full | SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines Elicit Different Responses in Immunologically Naïve and Pre-Immune Humans |
| title_fullStr | SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines Elicit Different Responses in Immunologically Naïve and Pre-Immune Humans |
| title_full_unstemmed | SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines Elicit Different Responses in Immunologically Naïve and Pre-Immune Humans |
| title_short | SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines Elicit Different Responses in Immunologically Naïve and Pre-Immune Humans |
| title_sort | sars cov 2 mrna vaccines elicit different responses in immunologically naive and pre immune humans |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus vaccination immunization pre-immune neutralization |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.728021/full |
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