Nitrogen application in pod zone improves yield and quality of two peanut cultivars by modulating nitrogen accumulation and metabolism

Abstract Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) represents one of the most important oil and cash crops world-widely. Unlike many other legumes, peanuts absorb nitrogen through their underground pods. Despite this unique feature, the relationship between yield and nitrogen uptake within the pod zon...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Guanghui Li, Xin Guo, Wei Sun, Lei Hou, Guanghao Wang, Ruizheng Tian, Xingjun Wang, Chunjuan Qu, Chuanzhi Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-01-01
Series:BMC Plant Biology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04725-1
_version_ 1797355870429904896
author Guanghui Li
Xin Guo
Wei Sun
Lei Hou
Guanghao Wang
Ruizheng Tian
Xingjun Wang
Chunjuan Qu
Chuanzhi Zhao
author_facet Guanghui Li
Xin Guo
Wei Sun
Lei Hou
Guanghao Wang
Ruizheng Tian
Xingjun Wang
Chunjuan Qu
Chuanzhi Zhao
author_sort Guanghui Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) represents one of the most important oil and cash crops world-widely. Unlike many other legumes, peanuts absorb nitrogen through their underground pods. Despite this unique feature, the relationship between yield and nitrogen uptake within the pod zone remains poorly understood. In our pot experiment, we divided the underground peanut part into two zones—pod and root—and investigated the physiological and agronomic traits of two peanut cultivars, SH11 (large seeds, LS) and HY23 (small seeds, SS), at 10 (S1), 20 (S2), and 30 (S3) days after gynophores penetrated the soil, with nitrogen application in the pod zone. Results indicated that nitrogen application increased pod yield, kernel protein content, and nitrogen accumulation in plants. For both LS and SS peanut cultivars, optimal nitrogen content was 60 kg·hm− 2, leading to maximum yield. LS cultivar exhibited higher yield and nitrogen accumulation increases than SS cultivar. Nitrogen application up-regulated the expression of nitrogen metabolism-related genes in the pod, including nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NIR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT), ATP binding cassette (ABC), and nitrate transporter (NRT2). Additionally, nitrogen application increased enzyme activity in the pod, including NR, GS, and GOGAT, consistent with gene expression levels. These nitrogen metabolism traits exhibited higher up-regulations in the large-seeded cultivar than in the small-seeded one and showed a significant correlation with yield in the large-seeded cultivar at S2 and S3. Our findings offer a scientific basis for the judicious application and efficient utilization of nitrogen fertilization in peanuts, laying the groundwork for further elucidating the molecular mechanisms of peanut nitrogen utilization.
first_indexed 2024-03-08T14:17:22Z
format Article
id doaj.art-99ec3fbc56c44d01bdd18aabe7ca8e9c
institution Directory Open Access Journal
issn 1471-2229
language English
last_indexed 2024-03-08T14:17:22Z
publishDate 2024-01-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Plant Biology
spelling doaj.art-99ec3fbc56c44d01bdd18aabe7ca8e9c2024-01-14T12:18:03ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292024-01-0124111210.1186/s12870-024-04725-1Nitrogen application in pod zone improves yield and quality of two peanut cultivars by modulating nitrogen accumulation and metabolismGuanghui Li0Xin Guo1Wei Sun2Lei Hou3Guanghao Wang4Ruizheng Tian5Xingjun Wang6Chunjuan Qu7Chuanzhi Zhao8Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesInstitute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesLinyi Academy of Agricultural SciencesInstitute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesInstitute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesInstitute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesInstitute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesShandong Peanut Research InstituteInstitute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesAbstract Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) represents one of the most important oil and cash crops world-widely. Unlike many other legumes, peanuts absorb nitrogen through their underground pods. Despite this unique feature, the relationship between yield and nitrogen uptake within the pod zone remains poorly understood. In our pot experiment, we divided the underground peanut part into two zones—pod and root—and investigated the physiological and agronomic traits of two peanut cultivars, SH11 (large seeds, LS) and HY23 (small seeds, SS), at 10 (S1), 20 (S2), and 30 (S3) days after gynophores penetrated the soil, with nitrogen application in the pod zone. Results indicated that nitrogen application increased pod yield, kernel protein content, and nitrogen accumulation in plants. For both LS and SS peanut cultivars, optimal nitrogen content was 60 kg·hm− 2, leading to maximum yield. LS cultivar exhibited higher yield and nitrogen accumulation increases than SS cultivar. Nitrogen application up-regulated the expression of nitrogen metabolism-related genes in the pod, including nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NIR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT), ATP binding cassette (ABC), and nitrate transporter (NRT2). Additionally, nitrogen application increased enzyme activity in the pod, including NR, GS, and GOGAT, consistent with gene expression levels. These nitrogen metabolism traits exhibited higher up-regulations in the large-seeded cultivar than in the small-seeded one and showed a significant correlation with yield in the large-seeded cultivar at S2 and S3. Our findings offer a scientific basis for the judicious application and efficient utilization of nitrogen fertilization in peanuts, laying the groundwork for further elucidating the molecular mechanisms of peanut nitrogen utilization.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04725-1PeanutPod zone nitrogen applicationYieldEnzymatic activityGene expression
spellingShingle Guanghui Li
Xin Guo
Wei Sun
Lei Hou
Guanghao Wang
Ruizheng Tian
Xingjun Wang
Chunjuan Qu
Chuanzhi Zhao
Nitrogen application in pod zone improves yield and quality of two peanut cultivars by modulating nitrogen accumulation and metabolism
BMC Plant Biology
Peanut
Pod zone nitrogen application
Yield
Enzymatic activity
Gene expression
title Nitrogen application in pod zone improves yield and quality of two peanut cultivars by modulating nitrogen accumulation and metabolism
title_full Nitrogen application in pod zone improves yield and quality of two peanut cultivars by modulating nitrogen accumulation and metabolism
title_fullStr Nitrogen application in pod zone improves yield and quality of two peanut cultivars by modulating nitrogen accumulation and metabolism
title_full_unstemmed Nitrogen application in pod zone improves yield and quality of two peanut cultivars by modulating nitrogen accumulation and metabolism
title_short Nitrogen application in pod zone improves yield and quality of two peanut cultivars by modulating nitrogen accumulation and metabolism
title_sort nitrogen application in pod zone improves yield and quality of two peanut cultivars by modulating nitrogen accumulation and metabolism
topic Peanut
Pod zone nitrogen application
Yield
Enzymatic activity
Gene expression
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04725-1
work_keys_str_mv AT guanghuili nitrogenapplicationinpodzoneimprovesyieldandqualityoftwopeanutcultivarsbymodulatingnitrogenaccumulationandmetabolism
AT xinguo nitrogenapplicationinpodzoneimprovesyieldandqualityoftwopeanutcultivarsbymodulatingnitrogenaccumulationandmetabolism
AT weisun nitrogenapplicationinpodzoneimprovesyieldandqualityoftwopeanutcultivarsbymodulatingnitrogenaccumulationandmetabolism
AT leihou nitrogenapplicationinpodzoneimprovesyieldandqualityoftwopeanutcultivarsbymodulatingnitrogenaccumulationandmetabolism
AT guanghaowang nitrogenapplicationinpodzoneimprovesyieldandqualityoftwopeanutcultivarsbymodulatingnitrogenaccumulationandmetabolism
AT ruizhengtian nitrogenapplicationinpodzoneimprovesyieldandqualityoftwopeanutcultivarsbymodulatingnitrogenaccumulationandmetabolism
AT xingjunwang nitrogenapplicationinpodzoneimprovesyieldandqualityoftwopeanutcultivarsbymodulatingnitrogenaccumulationandmetabolism
AT chunjuanqu nitrogenapplicationinpodzoneimprovesyieldandqualityoftwopeanutcultivarsbymodulatingnitrogenaccumulationandmetabolism
AT chuanzhizhao nitrogenapplicationinpodzoneimprovesyieldandqualityoftwopeanutcultivarsbymodulatingnitrogenaccumulationandmetabolism