Accumulation of Carotenoids and Metabolic Profiling in Different Cultivars of Tagetes Flowers
Species of Tagetes, which belong to the family Asteraceae show different characteristics including, bloom size, shape, and color; plant size; and leaf shape. In this study, we determined the differences in primary metabolites and carotenoid yields among six cultivars from two Tagetes species, T. ere...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2017-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/2/313 |
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| author | Yun Ji Park Soo-Yun Park Mariadhas Valan Arasu Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi Hyung-geun Ahn Jae Kwang Kim Sang Un Park |
| author_facet | Yun Ji Park Soo-Yun Park Mariadhas Valan Arasu Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi Hyung-geun Ahn Jae Kwang Kim Sang Un Park |
| author_sort | Yun Ji Park |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Species of Tagetes, which belong to the family Asteraceae show different characteristics including, bloom size, shape, and color; plant size; and leaf shape. In this study, we determined the differences in primary metabolites and carotenoid yields among six cultivars from two Tagetes species, T. erecta and T. patula. In total, we detected seven carotenoids in the examined cultivars: violaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, α-carotene, β-carotene, 9-cis-β-carotene, and 13-cis-β-carotene. In all the cultivars, lutein was the most abundant carotenoid. Furthermore, the contents of each carotenoid in flowers varied depending on the cultivar. Principal component analysis (PCA) facilitated metabolic discrimination between Tagetes cultivars, with the exception of Inca Yellow and Discovery Orange. Moreover, PCA and orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) results provided a clear discrimination between T. erecta and T. patula. Primary metabolites, including xylose, citric acid, valine, glycine, and galactose were the main components facilitating separation of the species. Positive relationships were apparent between carbon-rich metabolites, including those of the TCA cycle and sugar metabolism, and carotenoids. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T21:17:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9a026571033445b697033a5cf2435ddd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T21:17:31Z |
| publishDate | 2017-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-9a026571033445b697033a5cf2435ddd2022-12-21T20:05:19ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492017-02-0122231310.3390/molecules22020313molecules22020313Accumulation of Carotenoids and Metabolic Profiling in Different Cultivars of Tagetes FlowersYun Ji Park0Soo-Yun Park1Mariadhas Valan Arasu2Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi3Hyung-geun Ahn4Jae Kwang Kim5Sang Un Park6Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, KoreaNational Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 565-851, KoreaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaScience & Technology Policy Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs, Sejong-si 30110, KoreaDivision of Life Sciences and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, KoreaDepartment of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, KoreaSpecies of Tagetes, which belong to the family Asteraceae show different characteristics including, bloom size, shape, and color; plant size; and leaf shape. In this study, we determined the differences in primary metabolites and carotenoid yields among six cultivars from two Tagetes species, T. erecta and T. patula. In total, we detected seven carotenoids in the examined cultivars: violaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, α-carotene, β-carotene, 9-cis-β-carotene, and 13-cis-β-carotene. In all the cultivars, lutein was the most abundant carotenoid. Furthermore, the contents of each carotenoid in flowers varied depending on the cultivar. Principal component analysis (PCA) facilitated metabolic discrimination between Tagetes cultivars, with the exception of Inca Yellow and Discovery Orange. Moreover, PCA and orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) results provided a clear discrimination between T. erecta and T. patula. Primary metabolites, including xylose, citric acid, valine, glycine, and galactose were the main components facilitating separation of the species. Positive relationships were apparent between carbon-rich metabolites, including those of the TCA cycle and sugar metabolism, and carotenoids.http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/2/313Tagetesmarigoldcarotenoidmetabolic profilingGC-TOFMS |
| spellingShingle | Yun Ji Park Soo-Yun Park Mariadhas Valan Arasu Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi Hyung-geun Ahn Jae Kwang Kim Sang Un Park Accumulation of Carotenoids and Metabolic Profiling in Different Cultivars of Tagetes Flowers Molecules Tagetes marigold carotenoid metabolic profiling GC-TOFMS |
| title | Accumulation of Carotenoids and Metabolic Profiling in Different Cultivars of Tagetes Flowers |
| title_full | Accumulation of Carotenoids and Metabolic Profiling in Different Cultivars of Tagetes Flowers |
| title_fullStr | Accumulation of Carotenoids and Metabolic Profiling in Different Cultivars of Tagetes Flowers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Accumulation of Carotenoids and Metabolic Profiling in Different Cultivars of Tagetes Flowers |
| title_short | Accumulation of Carotenoids and Metabolic Profiling in Different Cultivars of Tagetes Flowers |
| title_sort | accumulation of carotenoids and metabolic profiling in different cultivars of tagetes flowers |
| topic | Tagetes marigold carotenoid metabolic profiling GC-TOFMS |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/2/313 |
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