Temporal Evolution of Refractive Index Induced by Short Laser Pulses Accounting for Both Photoacoustic and Photothermal Effects
Materials such as silicon, copper, gold, and aluminum exhibit strong absorption and scattering characterization under short-pulsed laser irradiation. Due to the photoelastic effect and thermoelastic relaxation, the focal area may induce a local modulation in the refractive index, which can be detect...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| author | Zhiying Xia Bin Ni Ruijie Hou Yang Zhang Lianping Hou Jamie Jiangmin Hou John H. Marsh Xuefeng Liu Jichuan Xiong |
| author_facet | Zhiying Xia Bin Ni Ruijie Hou Yang Zhang Lianping Hou Jamie Jiangmin Hou John H. Marsh Xuefeng Liu Jichuan Xiong |
| author_sort | Zhiying Xia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Materials such as silicon, copper, gold, and aluminum exhibit strong absorption and scattering characterization under short-pulsed laser irradiation. Due to the photoelastic effect and thermoelastic relaxation, the focal area may induce a local modulation in the refractive index, which can be detected with the intensity reflection coefficient perturbation. Normally, the thermal effect causes a weak refractive index change and is negligible, compared with the pressure-induced effect in most photoacoustic analytical systems. In this study, we present a theoretical model with the whole process of absorbed energy conversion analysis for the refractive index perturbation induced by both thermal effect and photoacoustic pressure. In this model, data analysis was carried out on the transformation of the energy absorbed by the sample into heat and stress. To prove the feasibility of this model, numerical simulation was performed for the photothermal and photoacoustic effects under different incident intensities using the finite element method. Experiment results on silicon and carbon fiber verified that the refractive index change induced by the photothermal effect can be detected and be incorporated with pressure-induced refractive index change. The simulation results showed very good agreement with the results of the experiments. The main aim of this study was to further understand the absorption and conversion process of short-pulsed light energy and the resulting photothermal and photoacoustic effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:27:52Z |
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| id | doaj.art-9a040b232353481da21a7761b69d2642 |
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| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:27:52Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-9a040b232353481da21a7761b69d26422023-11-23T15:30:30ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-06-011212625610.3390/app12126256Temporal Evolution of Refractive Index Induced by Short Laser Pulses Accounting for Both Photoacoustic and Photothermal EffectsZhiying Xia0Bin Ni1Ruijie Hou2Yang Zhang3Lianping Hou4Jamie Jiangmin Hou5John H. Marsh6Xuefeng Liu7Jichuan Xiong8School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaSchool of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaSchool of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaSchool of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaJames Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UKThe Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, Nicolson Street, Edinburgh EH8 9DW, UKJames Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UKSchool of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaSchool of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaMaterials such as silicon, copper, gold, and aluminum exhibit strong absorption and scattering characterization under short-pulsed laser irradiation. Due to the photoelastic effect and thermoelastic relaxation, the focal area may induce a local modulation in the refractive index, which can be detected with the intensity reflection coefficient perturbation. Normally, the thermal effect causes a weak refractive index change and is negligible, compared with the pressure-induced effect in most photoacoustic analytical systems. In this study, we present a theoretical model with the whole process of absorbed energy conversion analysis for the refractive index perturbation induced by both thermal effect and photoacoustic pressure. In this model, data analysis was carried out on the transformation of the energy absorbed by the sample into heat and stress. To prove the feasibility of this model, numerical simulation was performed for the photothermal and photoacoustic effects under different incident intensities using the finite element method. Experiment results on silicon and carbon fiber verified that the refractive index change induced by the photothermal effect can be detected and be incorporated with pressure-induced refractive index change. The simulation results showed very good agreement with the results of the experiments. The main aim of this study was to further understand the absorption and conversion process of short-pulsed light energy and the resulting photothermal and photoacoustic effects.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/12/6256refractive indexphotothermal effectphotoacoustic effectfinite element method |
| spellingShingle | Zhiying Xia Bin Ni Ruijie Hou Yang Zhang Lianping Hou Jamie Jiangmin Hou John H. Marsh Xuefeng Liu Jichuan Xiong Temporal Evolution of Refractive Index Induced by Short Laser Pulses Accounting for Both Photoacoustic and Photothermal Effects Applied Sciences refractive index photothermal effect photoacoustic effect finite element method |
| title | Temporal Evolution of Refractive Index Induced by Short Laser Pulses Accounting for Both Photoacoustic and Photothermal Effects |
| title_full | Temporal Evolution of Refractive Index Induced by Short Laser Pulses Accounting for Both Photoacoustic and Photothermal Effects |
| title_fullStr | Temporal Evolution of Refractive Index Induced by Short Laser Pulses Accounting for Both Photoacoustic and Photothermal Effects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Temporal Evolution of Refractive Index Induced by Short Laser Pulses Accounting for Both Photoacoustic and Photothermal Effects |
| title_short | Temporal Evolution of Refractive Index Induced by Short Laser Pulses Accounting for Both Photoacoustic and Photothermal Effects |
| title_sort | temporal evolution of refractive index induced by short laser pulses accounting for both photoacoustic and photothermal effects |
| topic | refractive index photothermal effect photoacoustic effect finite element method |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/12/6256 |
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