Hydrodynamics, Hydrochemistry, and Stable Isotope Geochemistry to Assess Temporal Behavior of Seawater Intrusion in the La Yarada Aquifer in the Vicinity of Atacama Desert, Tacna, Peru
The La Yarada aquifer is the primary water resource for municipal, irrigation, and industrial uses in the semi-arid Tacna, Peru. Presently, over-pumping has caused severe groundwater management problems, including the abandonment of saline water wells. This study presents multivariate analysis and c...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-11-01
|
| Series: | Water |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/22/3161 |
| _version_ | 1797508160067469312 |
|---|---|
| author | Alissa Vera Edwin Pino-Vargas Mahendra P. Verma Samuel Chucuya Eduardo Chávarri Miguel Canales Juan Antonio Torres-Martínez Abrahan Mora Jürgen Mahlknecht |
| author_facet | Alissa Vera Edwin Pino-Vargas Mahendra P. Verma Samuel Chucuya Eduardo Chávarri Miguel Canales Juan Antonio Torres-Martínez Abrahan Mora Jürgen Mahlknecht |
| author_sort | Alissa Vera |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The La Yarada aquifer is the primary water resource for municipal, irrigation, and industrial uses in the semi-arid Tacna, Peru. Presently, over-pumping has caused severe groundwater management problems, including the abandonment of saline water wells. This study presents multivariate analysis and chemical–isotopic trends in water to investigate seawater intrusion and hydrogeological processes affecting water quality. The chemical and isotopic analysis of water samples, collected in two campaigns in the dry (August 2020) and wet (November 2020) seasons, together with the 1988 data, were evaluated with a mixing model, cluster, and factor analysis. The hydrochemical and isotopic mixing model suggested the formation of a wedge with 20% seawater intrusion. The heterogeneity of piezometric map isolines corroborates the wedge formation associated with the groundwater movement. The spatial distributions of factors, FA1 and FA2, suggest two processes of seawater front movement: dispersion (diffusion) of chemical elements and different types of water mixing, respectively. At the edge of the La Yarada aquifer, the water head was relatively low, permitting seawater and freshwater mixing. On the other hand, along the sea-land boundary, the water head of the La Yarada aquifer was relatively high, avoiding seawater and freshwater mixing; however, the chemical species were migrating from the seawater to the groundwater due to the diffusion processes. The cluster 4 samples are in the region corresponding to the isotopic mixing process represented by the FA2, while cluster 4 describes the chemical diffusion process represented by the FA2. Thus, the integrated approach is helpful to assess the seawater intrusion mechanisms in coastal aquifers in a semi-arid region. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:58:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9a05faf8b0424300ba74976273a7a1c6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:58:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-9a05faf8b0424300ba74976273a7a1c62023-11-23T01:59:17ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-11-011322316110.3390/w13223161Hydrodynamics, Hydrochemistry, and Stable Isotope Geochemistry to Assess Temporal Behavior of Seawater Intrusion in the La Yarada Aquifer in the Vicinity of Atacama Desert, Tacna, PeruAlissa Vera0Edwin Pino-Vargas1Mahendra P. Verma2Samuel Chucuya3Eduardo Chávarri4Miguel Canales5Juan Antonio Torres-Martínez6Abrahan Mora7Jürgen Mahlknecht8Departamento de Ingenieria Civil, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Tacna 23000, PeruDepartamento de Ingenieria Civil, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Tacna 23000, PeruGeociencia, Universidad Politécnica de Nochixtlán “Abraham Castellanos”, Oaxaca 69600, MexicoDepartamento de Geologia-Geotecnia, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Tacna 23000, PeruDepartamento de Recursos Hídricos, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 15012, PeruDepartamento de Recursos Hídricos, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 15012, PeruEscuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey 64849, MexicoEscuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Puebla 72453, MexicoEscuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey 64849, MexicoThe La Yarada aquifer is the primary water resource for municipal, irrigation, and industrial uses in the semi-arid Tacna, Peru. Presently, over-pumping has caused severe groundwater management problems, including the abandonment of saline water wells. This study presents multivariate analysis and chemical–isotopic trends in water to investigate seawater intrusion and hydrogeological processes affecting water quality. The chemical and isotopic analysis of water samples, collected in two campaigns in the dry (August 2020) and wet (November 2020) seasons, together with the 1988 data, were evaluated with a mixing model, cluster, and factor analysis. The hydrochemical and isotopic mixing model suggested the formation of a wedge with 20% seawater intrusion. The heterogeneity of piezometric map isolines corroborates the wedge formation associated with the groundwater movement. The spatial distributions of factors, FA1 and FA2, suggest two processes of seawater front movement: dispersion (diffusion) of chemical elements and different types of water mixing, respectively. At the edge of the La Yarada aquifer, the water head was relatively low, permitting seawater and freshwater mixing. On the other hand, along the sea-land boundary, the water head of the La Yarada aquifer was relatively high, avoiding seawater and freshwater mixing; however, the chemical species were migrating from the seawater to the groundwater due to the diffusion processes. The cluster 4 samples are in the region corresponding to the isotopic mixing process represented by the FA2, while cluster 4 describes the chemical diffusion process represented by the FA2. Thus, the integrated approach is helpful to assess the seawater intrusion mechanisms in coastal aquifers in a semi-arid region.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/22/3161coastal aquiferseawater intrusionsalinizationisotopic signature |
| spellingShingle | Alissa Vera Edwin Pino-Vargas Mahendra P. Verma Samuel Chucuya Eduardo Chávarri Miguel Canales Juan Antonio Torres-Martínez Abrahan Mora Jürgen Mahlknecht Hydrodynamics, Hydrochemistry, and Stable Isotope Geochemistry to Assess Temporal Behavior of Seawater Intrusion in the La Yarada Aquifer in the Vicinity of Atacama Desert, Tacna, Peru Water coastal aquifer seawater intrusion salinization isotopic signature |
| title | Hydrodynamics, Hydrochemistry, and Stable Isotope Geochemistry to Assess Temporal Behavior of Seawater Intrusion in the La Yarada Aquifer in the Vicinity of Atacama Desert, Tacna, Peru |
| title_full | Hydrodynamics, Hydrochemistry, and Stable Isotope Geochemistry to Assess Temporal Behavior of Seawater Intrusion in the La Yarada Aquifer in the Vicinity of Atacama Desert, Tacna, Peru |
| title_fullStr | Hydrodynamics, Hydrochemistry, and Stable Isotope Geochemistry to Assess Temporal Behavior of Seawater Intrusion in the La Yarada Aquifer in the Vicinity of Atacama Desert, Tacna, Peru |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrodynamics, Hydrochemistry, and Stable Isotope Geochemistry to Assess Temporal Behavior of Seawater Intrusion in the La Yarada Aquifer in the Vicinity of Atacama Desert, Tacna, Peru |
| title_short | Hydrodynamics, Hydrochemistry, and Stable Isotope Geochemistry to Assess Temporal Behavior of Seawater Intrusion in the La Yarada Aquifer in the Vicinity of Atacama Desert, Tacna, Peru |
| title_sort | hydrodynamics hydrochemistry and stable isotope geochemistry to assess temporal behavior of seawater intrusion in the la yarada aquifer in the vicinity of atacama desert tacna peru |
| topic | coastal aquifer seawater intrusion salinization isotopic signature |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/22/3161 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alissavera hydrodynamicshydrochemistryandstableisotopegeochemistrytoassesstemporalbehaviorofseawaterintrusioninthelayaradaaquiferinthevicinityofatacamadeserttacnaperu AT edwinpinovargas hydrodynamicshydrochemistryandstableisotopegeochemistrytoassesstemporalbehaviorofseawaterintrusioninthelayaradaaquiferinthevicinityofatacamadeserttacnaperu AT mahendrapverma hydrodynamicshydrochemistryandstableisotopegeochemistrytoassesstemporalbehaviorofseawaterintrusioninthelayaradaaquiferinthevicinityofatacamadeserttacnaperu AT samuelchucuya hydrodynamicshydrochemistryandstableisotopegeochemistrytoassesstemporalbehaviorofseawaterintrusioninthelayaradaaquiferinthevicinityofatacamadeserttacnaperu AT eduardochavarri hydrodynamicshydrochemistryandstableisotopegeochemistrytoassesstemporalbehaviorofseawaterintrusioninthelayaradaaquiferinthevicinityofatacamadeserttacnaperu AT miguelcanales hydrodynamicshydrochemistryandstableisotopegeochemistrytoassesstemporalbehaviorofseawaterintrusioninthelayaradaaquiferinthevicinityofatacamadeserttacnaperu AT juanantoniotorresmartinez hydrodynamicshydrochemistryandstableisotopegeochemistrytoassesstemporalbehaviorofseawaterintrusioninthelayaradaaquiferinthevicinityofatacamadeserttacnaperu AT abrahanmora hydrodynamicshydrochemistryandstableisotopegeochemistrytoassesstemporalbehaviorofseawaterintrusioninthelayaradaaquiferinthevicinityofatacamadeserttacnaperu AT jurgenmahlknecht hydrodynamicshydrochemistryandstableisotopegeochemistrytoassesstemporalbehaviorofseawaterintrusioninthelayaradaaquiferinthevicinityofatacamadeserttacnaperu |