Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in camels recently imported to Egypt from Sudan and a global systematic review
IntroductionToxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are closely related intracellular protozoan parasites of medical and veterinary concern by causing abortions and systemic illness. Limited or ambiguous data on the prevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum in camels triggered us to conduct this study.M...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.1042279/full |
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| author | Ragab M. Fereig Hanan H. Abdelbaky El-Sayed El-Alfy Mohamed El-Diasty Ahmed Elsayed Hassan Y. A. H. Mahmoud Alsagher O. Ali Abdulrahman Ahmed Ehab Mossaad Abdullah F. Alsayeqh Caroline F. Frey |
| author_facet | Ragab M. Fereig Hanan H. Abdelbaky El-Sayed El-Alfy Mohamed El-Diasty Ahmed Elsayed Hassan Y. A. H. Mahmoud Alsagher O. Ali Abdulrahman Ahmed Ehab Mossaad Abdullah F. Alsayeqh Caroline F. Frey |
| author_sort | Ragab M. Fereig |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionToxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are closely related intracellular protozoan parasites of medical and veterinary concern by causing abortions and systemic illness. Limited or ambiguous data on the prevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum in camels triggered us to conduct this study.MethodsCamels (n = 460) recently imported from Sudan and destined mainly for human consumption, were tested for specific antibodies against these protozoans using commercially available ELISAs. From the two only quarantine stations for camels from Sudan, 368 camels were sampled between November 2015 and March 2016 in Shalateen, Red Sea governorate, and 92 samples were collected between September 2018 and March 2021 from Abu Simbel, Aswan governorate.Results & DiscussionOverall, seropositive rates in camels were 25.7%, 3.9% and 0.8% for T. gondii, N. caninum and mixed infection, respectively. However, marked differences were found between the two study sites and/or the two sampling periods: For T. gondii, a higher rate of infection was recorded in the Red Sea samples (31.5%, 116/368; odds ratio 20.7, 5.0-85.6; P<0.0001) than in those collected in Aswan (2.2%, 2/92). The opposite was found for N. caninum with a lower rate of infection in the Red Sea samples (0.82%, 3/368; odds ratio 23.7, 6.7-83.9; P<0.0001) than in the samples from Aswan (16.3%, 15/92). Additionally, our systematic review revealed that the overall published seroprevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum was 28.6% and 14.3% in camels worldwide, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first record of seroprevalence of both T. gondii and N. caninum in recently imported camels kept under quarantine conditions before delivery to other Egyptian cities and regions. In addition, our review provides inclusive data on the prevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum in camel globally. This knowledge provides basic data for the implementation of strategies and control measures against neosporosis and toxoplasmosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T08:58:32Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T08:58:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-9a0df2d556c34e09a9bf64ff417255d22022-12-22T03:39:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882022-11-011210.3389/fcimb.2022.10422791042279Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in camels recently imported to Egypt from Sudan and a global systematic reviewRagab M. Fereig0Hanan H. Abdelbaky1El-Sayed El-Alfy2Mohamed El-Diasty3Ahmed Elsayed4Hassan Y. A. H. Mahmoud5Alsagher O. Ali6Abdulrahman Ahmed7Ehab Mossaad8Abdullah F. Alsayeqh9Caroline F. Frey10Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, EgyptDoctor of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Clinic, Eterinary Directorate, Qena, EgyptDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptAgricultural Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute-Mansoura Provincial Lab, (AHRI-Mansoura), Cairo, EgyptAgricultural Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute-Al Shalateen Provincial Lab (AHRI-Al Shalateen), Giza, Cairo, EgyptDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, EgyptDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, EgyptDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, EgyptDepartment of Pathology, Parasitology and Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, SudanDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Qassim, Saudi ArabiaInstitute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, SwitzerlandIntroductionToxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are closely related intracellular protozoan parasites of medical and veterinary concern by causing abortions and systemic illness. Limited or ambiguous data on the prevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum in camels triggered us to conduct this study.MethodsCamels (n = 460) recently imported from Sudan and destined mainly for human consumption, were tested for specific antibodies against these protozoans using commercially available ELISAs. From the two only quarantine stations for camels from Sudan, 368 camels were sampled between November 2015 and March 2016 in Shalateen, Red Sea governorate, and 92 samples were collected between September 2018 and March 2021 from Abu Simbel, Aswan governorate.Results & DiscussionOverall, seropositive rates in camels were 25.7%, 3.9% and 0.8% for T. gondii, N. caninum and mixed infection, respectively. However, marked differences were found between the two study sites and/or the two sampling periods: For T. gondii, a higher rate of infection was recorded in the Red Sea samples (31.5%, 116/368; odds ratio 20.7, 5.0-85.6; P<0.0001) than in those collected in Aswan (2.2%, 2/92). The opposite was found for N. caninum with a lower rate of infection in the Red Sea samples (0.82%, 3/368; odds ratio 23.7, 6.7-83.9; P<0.0001) than in the samples from Aswan (16.3%, 15/92). Additionally, our systematic review revealed that the overall published seroprevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum was 28.6% and 14.3% in camels worldwide, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first record of seroprevalence of both T. gondii and N. caninum in recently imported camels kept under quarantine conditions before delivery to other Egyptian cities and regions. In addition, our review provides inclusive data on the prevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum in camel globally. This knowledge provides basic data for the implementation of strategies and control measures against neosporosis and toxoplasmosis.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.1042279/fulltoxoplasmosisneosporosiscameldromedaryELISAEgypt |
| spellingShingle | Ragab M. Fereig Hanan H. Abdelbaky El-Sayed El-Alfy Mohamed El-Diasty Ahmed Elsayed Hassan Y. A. H. Mahmoud Alsagher O. Ali Abdulrahman Ahmed Ehab Mossaad Abdullah F. Alsayeqh Caroline F. Frey Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in camels recently imported to Egypt from Sudan and a global systematic review Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology toxoplasmosis neosporosis camel dromedary ELISA Egypt |
| title | Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in camels recently imported to Egypt from Sudan and a global systematic review |
| title_full | Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in camels recently imported to Egypt from Sudan and a global systematic review |
| title_fullStr | Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in camels recently imported to Egypt from Sudan and a global systematic review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in camels recently imported to Egypt from Sudan and a global systematic review |
| title_short | Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in camels recently imported to Egypt from Sudan and a global systematic review |
| title_sort | seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in camels recently imported to egypt from sudan and a global systematic review |
| topic | toxoplasmosis neosporosis camel dromedary ELISA Egypt |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.1042279/full |
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