Direct measurement and calculation of rubber bulk modulus by piston-cylinder method using conventional mechanical testing equipment
This article describes a method to directly measure the bulk modulus of rubber using a piston-cylinder type apparatus. The function of the testing apparatus is to reliably transfer load to the water inside the vessel and allow for the accurate and continuous measurement of volumetric displacement as...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Polymer Testing |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941823002155 |
| _version_ | 1797774828871090176 |
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| author | Dustin T. Clelland Ethan K. Nickerson Daniel R. Merkel |
| author_facet | Dustin T. Clelland Ethan K. Nickerson Daniel R. Merkel |
| author_sort | Dustin T. Clelland |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This article describes a method to directly measure the bulk modulus of rubber using a piston-cylinder type apparatus. The function of the testing apparatus is to reliably transfer load to the water inside the vessel and allow for the accurate and continuous measurement of volumetric displacement as the contents are compressed. During the test, load is applied to a piston-cylinder containing the rubber test sample and water using a conventional mechanical testing load frame. Load and the travel of the piston are recorded by a load cell and extensometer, respectfully. A brass or stainless steel plug of the same dimensions as the test sample is tested as a control sample to isolate the compliance of the system, including the compressibility of water and compliance of the o-rings which seal the piston-cylinder system. The results from this control test are used to decouple the compliance of the system from the sample test results. Load-linear displacement data are mathematically converted to pressure-volumetric displacement data, from which bulk modulus is calculated. The test apparatus and method are validated using the known bulk modulus of water. Finally, the bulk moduli for two similar rubbers are evaluated. The validity of the results and limitations of the device are discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T22:26:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9a0f920243f54662b0c0db842af9e800 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0142-9418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T22:26:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymer Testing |
| spelling | doaj.art-9a0f920243f54662b0c0db842af9e8002023-07-22T04:51:12ZengElsevierPolymer Testing0142-94182023-08-01125108135Direct measurement and calculation of rubber bulk modulus by piston-cylinder method using conventional mechanical testing equipmentDustin T. Clelland0Ethan K. Nickerson1Daniel R. Merkel2Corresponding author.; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, 99352, WA, USAPacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, 99352, WA, USAPacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, 99352, WA, USAThis article describes a method to directly measure the bulk modulus of rubber using a piston-cylinder type apparatus. The function of the testing apparatus is to reliably transfer load to the water inside the vessel and allow for the accurate and continuous measurement of volumetric displacement as the contents are compressed. During the test, load is applied to a piston-cylinder containing the rubber test sample and water using a conventional mechanical testing load frame. Load and the travel of the piston are recorded by a load cell and extensometer, respectfully. A brass or stainless steel plug of the same dimensions as the test sample is tested as a control sample to isolate the compliance of the system, including the compressibility of water and compliance of the o-rings which seal the piston-cylinder system. The results from this control test are used to decouple the compliance of the system from the sample test results. Load-linear displacement data are mathematically converted to pressure-volumetric displacement data, from which bulk modulus is calculated. The test apparatus and method are validated using the known bulk modulus of water. Finally, the bulk moduli for two similar rubbers are evaluated. The validity of the results and limitations of the device are discussed.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941823002155Bulk modulusRubberMechanical testing |
| spellingShingle | Dustin T. Clelland Ethan K. Nickerson Daniel R. Merkel Direct measurement and calculation of rubber bulk modulus by piston-cylinder method using conventional mechanical testing equipment Polymer Testing Bulk modulus Rubber Mechanical testing |
| title | Direct measurement and calculation of rubber bulk modulus by piston-cylinder method using conventional mechanical testing equipment |
| title_full | Direct measurement and calculation of rubber bulk modulus by piston-cylinder method using conventional mechanical testing equipment |
| title_fullStr | Direct measurement and calculation of rubber bulk modulus by piston-cylinder method using conventional mechanical testing equipment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Direct measurement and calculation of rubber bulk modulus by piston-cylinder method using conventional mechanical testing equipment |
| title_short | Direct measurement and calculation of rubber bulk modulus by piston-cylinder method using conventional mechanical testing equipment |
| title_sort | direct measurement and calculation of rubber bulk modulus by piston cylinder method using conventional mechanical testing equipment |
| topic | Bulk modulus Rubber Mechanical testing |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941823002155 |
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