Selective Inhibition on Growth and Photosynthesis of Harmful Cyanobacteria (<i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>) by Water Soluble Substances of <i>Dendranthema indicum</i> Flowers
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms become serious environmental issues in various waterbodies, including aquaculture ponds, which inherently need a high biomass and healthy composition of phytoplankton to sustain their high productivity. Indoor bioassays were conducted to investigate the effects of an aq...
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| author | Yunni Gao Fang Zhang Jing Wu Hui Yang Jing Dong Man Zhang Xuejun Li |
| author_facet | Yunni Gao Fang Zhang Jing Wu Hui Yang Jing Dong Man Zhang Xuejun Li |
| author_sort | Yunni Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Harmful cyanobacterial blooms become serious environmental issues in various waterbodies, including aquaculture ponds, which inherently need a high biomass and healthy composition of phytoplankton to sustain their high productivity. Indoor bioassays were conducted to investigate the effects of an aqueous extract of <i>Dendranthema indicum</i> flowers on cyanobacteria and green algae species. The thermal stability and polarity of the water-soluble active substances of <i>D. indicum</i> flowers were also assessed based on the growth and photosynthesis responses of <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>. There was obvious growth promotion of green algae, including <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>, <i>Kirchneriella</i> sp. and <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> and strong growth inhibition of toxigenic and non-toxigenic <i>M. aeruginosa</i> by aqueous extracts of <i>D. indicum</i> flowers at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 g·DW·L<sup>−1</sup>. The cell concentrations of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> and <i>C.</i> <i>vulgaris</i> were 46.5% and 242.2% of those in the corresponding controls after a 10-day exposure to aqueous extracts of <i>D. indicum</i> flowers at 1.0 g·DW·L<sup>−1</sup>. There must be some water-soluble active allelochemicals released from <i>D. indicum</i> flowers that are responsible for the selective inhibition of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> rather than green algae. The inhibition ratio of the growth and photosynthesis of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> by aqueous extracts of <i>D. indicum</i> flowers at 2.0 g·DW·L<sup>−1</sup> prepared with water at 25 °C and 100 °C were above 90% and 80% compared to the cell density and performance index on absorption basis (PIABS) value of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> in the control on day 6, without significant differences. It indicates that the active substances of <i>D. indicum</i> flowers were thermally stable. The methanol fraction eluted from solid phase extraction (SPE)-enriched aqueous extracts of <i>D. indicum</i> flowers showed the strongest inhibition of the growth and photosynthesis of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> compared to the other four fractions. It indicates that the most polar substances of <i>D. indicum</i> flowers were responsible for the selective inhibition of <i>M. aeruginosa</i>. More experiments are required to identify the responsible active substances and reveal the underlying mechanisms of aqueous extracts of <i>D. indicum</i> flowers that selectively inhibit cyanobacteria and regulate the phytoplankton community structure. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-9a13f4f89f7c481fa54f39f22c6297ee2023-11-20T06:52:04ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412020-07-01127201410.3390/w12072014Selective Inhibition on Growth and Photosynthesis of Harmful Cyanobacteria (<i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>) by Water Soluble Substances of <i>Dendranthema indicum</i> FlowersYunni Gao0Fang Zhang1Jing Wu2Hui Yang3Jing Dong4Man Zhang5Xuejun Li6Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, ChinaEngineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, ChinaEngineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, ChinaEngineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, ChinaEngineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, ChinaEngineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, ChinaEngineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, ChinaHarmful cyanobacterial blooms become serious environmental issues in various waterbodies, including aquaculture ponds, which inherently need a high biomass and healthy composition of phytoplankton to sustain their high productivity. Indoor bioassays were conducted to investigate the effects of an aqueous extract of <i>Dendranthema indicum</i> flowers on cyanobacteria and green algae species. The thermal stability and polarity of the water-soluble active substances of <i>D. indicum</i> flowers were also assessed based on the growth and photosynthesis responses of <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>. There was obvious growth promotion of green algae, including <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>, <i>Kirchneriella</i> sp. and <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> and strong growth inhibition of toxigenic and non-toxigenic <i>M. aeruginosa</i> by aqueous extracts of <i>D. indicum</i> flowers at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 g·DW·L<sup>−1</sup>. The cell concentrations of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> and <i>C.</i> <i>vulgaris</i> were 46.5% and 242.2% of those in the corresponding controls after a 10-day exposure to aqueous extracts of <i>D. indicum</i> flowers at 1.0 g·DW·L<sup>−1</sup>. There must be some water-soluble active allelochemicals released from <i>D. indicum</i> flowers that are responsible for the selective inhibition of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> rather than green algae. The inhibition ratio of the growth and photosynthesis of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> by aqueous extracts of <i>D. indicum</i> flowers at 2.0 g·DW·L<sup>−1</sup> prepared with water at 25 °C and 100 °C were above 90% and 80% compared to the cell density and performance index on absorption basis (PIABS) value of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> in the control on day 6, without significant differences. It indicates that the active substances of <i>D. indicum</i> flowers were thermally stable. The methanol fraction eluted from solid phase extraction (SPE)-enriched aqueous extracts of <i>D. indicum</i> flowers showed the strongest inhibition of the growth and photosynthesis of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> compared to the other four fractions. It indicates that the most polar substances of <i>D. indicum</i> flowers were responsible for the selective inhibition of <i>M. aeruginosa</i>. More experiments are required to identify the responsible active substances and reveal the underlying mechanisms of aqueous extracts of <i>D. indicum</i> flowers that selectively inhibit cyanobacteria and regulate the phytoplankton community structure.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/7/2014<i>Dendranthema indicum</i> flowersgreen algaecyanobacteriachemical characteristicsphotosynthetic activity |
| spellingShingle | Yunni Gao Fang Zhang Jing Wu Hui Yang Jing Dong Man Zhang Xuejun Li Selective Inhibition on Growth and Photosynthesis of Harmful Cyanobacteria (<i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>) by Water Soluble Substances of <i>Dendranthema indicum</i> Flowers Water <i>Dendranthema indicum</i> flowers green algae cyanobacteria chemical characteristics photosynthetic activity |
| title | Selective Inhibition on Growth and Photosynthesis of Harmful Cyanobacteria (<i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>) by Water Soluble Substances of <i>Dendranthema indicum</i> Flowers |
| title_full | Selective Inhibition on Growth and Photosynthesis of Harmful Cyanobacteria (<i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>) by Water Soluble Substances of <i>Dendranthema indicum</i> Flowers |
| title_fullStr | Selective Inhibition on Growth and Photosynthesis of Harmful Cyanobacteria (<i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>) by Water Soluble Substances of <i>Dendranthema indicum</i> Flowers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Selective Inhibition on Growth and Photosynthesis of Harmful Cyanobacteria (<i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>) by Water Soluble Substances of <i>Dendranthema indicum</i> Flowers |
| title_short | Selective Inhibition on Growth and Photosynthesis of Harmful Cyanobacteria (<i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>) by Water Soluble Substances of <i>Dendranthema indicum</i> Flowers |
| title_sort | selective inhibition on growth and photosynthesis of harmful cyanobacteria i microcystis aeruginosa i by water soluble substances of i dendranthema indicum i flowers |
| topic | <i>Dendranthema indicum</i> flowers green algae cyanobacteria chemical characteristics photosynthetic activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/7/2014 |
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