Differential Response of Mycorrhizal Plants to <i>Tomato bushy stunt virus</i> and <i>Tomato mosaic virus</i> Infection
<i>Tomato bushy stunt virus</i> (TBSV) and <i>Tomato mosaic virus</i> (ToMV) are important economic pathogens in tomato fields. <i>Rhizoglomus irregulare</i> is a species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus that provides nutrients to host plants. To understand t...
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/12/2038 |
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| author | Neda Khoshkhatti Omid Eini Davoud Koolivand Antreas Pogiatzis John N. Klironomos Sepideh Pakpour |
| author_facet | Neda Khoshkhatti Omid Eini Davoud Koolivand Antreas Pogiatzis John N. Klironomos Sepideh Pakpour |
| author_sort | Neda Khoshkhatti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Tomato bushy stunt virus</i> (TBSV) and <i>Tomato mosaic virus</i> (ToMV) are important economic pathogens in tomato fields. <i>Rhizoglomus irregulare</i> is a species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus that provides nutrients to host plants. To understand the effect of <i>R. irregulare</i> on the infection by TBSV/ToMV in tomato plants, in a completely randomized design, five treatments, including uninfected control plants without AM fungi (C), uninfected control plants with AM fungi (M) TBSV/ToMV-infected plants without AM fungi (V), TBSV/ToMV-infected plants before mycorrhiza (VM) inoculation, and inoculated plants with mycorrhiza before TBSV/ToMV infection (MV), were studied. Factors including viral RNA accumulation and expression of Pathogenesis Related proteins (PR) coding genes including <i>PR1</i>, <i>PR2</i>, and <i>PR3</i> in the young leaves were measured. For TBSV, a lower level of virus accumulation and a higher expression of PR genes in MV plants were observed compared to V and VM plants. In contrast, for ToMV, a higher level of virus accumulation and a lower expression of PR genes in MV plants were observed as compared to V and VM plants. These results indicated that mycorrhizal symbiosis reduces or increases the viral accumulation possibly via the regulation of PR genes in tomato plants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:55:22Z |
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| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:55:22Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
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| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-9a14262672504f598907754bd0134c7c2023-11-21T01:42:24ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072020-12-01812203810.3390/microorganisms8122038Differential Response of Mycorrhizal Plants to <i>Tomato bushy stunt virus</i> and <i>Tomato mosaic virus</i> InfectionNeda Khoshkhatti0Omid Eini1Davoud Koolivand2Antreas Pogiatzis3John N. Klironomos4Sepideh Pakpour5Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45195-313, IranDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45195-313, IranDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45195-313, IranDepartment of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V1V7, CanadaDepartment of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V1V7, CanadaSchool of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V1V7, Canada<i>Tomato bushy stunt virus</i> (TBSV) and <i>Tomato mosaic virus</i> (ToMV) are important economic pathogens in tomato fields. <i>Rhizoglomus irregulare</i> is a species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus that provides nutrients to host plants. To understand the effect of <i>R. irregulare</i> on the infection by TBSV/ToMV in tomato plants, in a completely randomized design, five treatments, including uninfected control plants without AM fungi (C), uninfected control plants with AM fungi (M) TBSV/ToMV-infected plants without AM fungi (V), TBSV/ToMV-infected plants before mycorrhiza (VM) inoculation, and inoculated plants with mycorrhiza before TBSV/ToMV infection (MV), were studied. Factors including viral RNA accumulation and expression of Pathogenesis Related proteins (PR) coding genes including <i>PR1</i>, <i>PR2</i>, and <i>PR3</i> in the young leaves were measured. For TBSV, a lower level of virus accumulation and a higher expression of PR genes in MV plants were observed compared to V and VM plants. In contrast, for ToMV, a higher level of virus accumulation and a lower expression of PR genes in MV plants were observed as compared to V and VM plants. These results indicated that mycorrhizal symbiosis reduces or increases the viral accumulation possibly via the regulation of PR genes in tomato plants.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/12/2038gene expressionmycorrhization<i>Rhizoglomus irregulare</i><i>Tomato mosaic virus</i><i>Tomato bushy stunt virus</i> |
| spellingShingle | Neda Khoshkhatti Omid Eini Davoud Koolivand Antreas Pogiatzis John N. Klironomos Sepideh Pakpour Differential Response of Mycorrhizal Plants to <i>Tomato bushy stunt virus</i> and <i>Tomato mosaic virus</i> Infection Microorganisms gene expression mycorrhization <i>Rhizoglomus irregulare</i> <i>Tomato mosaic virus</i> <i>Tomato bushy stunt virus</i> |
| title | Differential Response of Mycorrhizal Plants to <i>Tomato bushy stunt virus</i> and <i>Tomato mosaic virus</i> Infection |
| title_full | Differential Response of Mycorrhizal Plants to <i>Tomato bushy stunt virus</i> and <i>Tomato mosaic virus</i> Infection |
| title_fullStr | Differential Response of Mycorrhizal Plants to <i>Tomato bushy stunt virus</i> and <i>Tomato mosaic virus</i> Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differential Response of Mycorrhizal Plants to <i>Tomato bushy stunt virus</i> and <i>Tomato mosaic virus</i> Infection |
| title_short | Differential Response of Mycorrhizal Plants to <i>Tomato bushy stunt virus</i> and <i>Tomato mosaic virus</i> Infection |
| title_sort | differential response of mycorrhizal plants to i tomato bushy stunt virus i and i tomato mosaic virus i infection |
| topic | gene expression mycorrhization <i>Rhizoglomus irregulare</i> <i>Tomato mosaic virus</i> <i>Tomato bushy stunt virus</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/12/2038 |
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