Infectivity and Morphology of Bovine Coronavirus Inactivated In Vitro by Cationic Photosensitizers
Bovine coronaviruses (BCoVs), which cause gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in cattle, and are genetically related to the human coronavirus HCoV-OC43, which is responsible for up to 10% of common colds, attract increased attention. We applied the method of photodynamic inactivation with cati...
| প্রধান লেখক: | , , , , , , |
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| বিন্যাস: | প্রবন্ধ |
| ভাষা: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| মালা: | Viruses |
| বিষয়গুলি: | |
| অনলাইন ব্যবহার করুন: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/5/1053 |
| _version_ | 1827665908694253568 |
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| author | Vladimir Zhukhovitsky Natalia Shevlyagina Margarita Zubasheva Leonid Russu Vladimir Gushchin Gennady Meerovich Marina Strakhovskaya |
| author_facet | Vladimir Zhukhovitsky Natalia Shevlyagina Margarita Zubasheva Leonid Russu Vladimir Gushchin Gennady Meerovich Marina Strakhovskaya |
| author_sort | Vladimir Zhukhovitsky |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bovine coronaviruses (BCoVs), which cause gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in cattle, and are genetically related to the human coronavirus HCoV-OC43, which is responsible for up to 10% of common colds, attract increased attention. We applied the method of photodynamic inactivation with cationic photosensitizers (PSs) to reduce the titers of BCoV and studied the morphological structure of viral particles under various modes of photodynamic exposure. The samples of virus containing liquid with an initial virus titer of 5 Log<sub>10</sub> TCID50/mL were incubated with methylene blue (MB) or octakis(cholinyl)zinc phthalocyanine (Zn-PcChol<sub>8+</sub>) at concentrations of 1–5 μM for 10 min in the dark at room temperature. After incubation, samples were irradiated with LED (emission with maximum at 663 nm for MB or at 686 nm for Zn-PcChol<sub>8+</sub>) with light doses of 1.5 or 4 J/cm<sup>2</sup>. Next, the irradiation titrated virus containing liquid was studied using negative staining transmission electron microscopy. MB and Zn-PcChol<sub>8+</sub> at concentrations of 1–5 μM, in combination with red light from LED sources in the low doses of 1.5–4.0 J/cm<sup>2</sup>, led to a decrease in BCoV titers by at least four orders of magnitude from the initial titer 5 Log<sub>10</sub> TCID50/mL. Morphological changes in photodamaged BCoVs with increasing PS concentrations were loss of spikes, change in shape, decreased size of virus particles, destruction of the envelope, and complete disintegration of viruses. BCoV has been found to be sensitive to MB, which is the well-known approved drug, even in the absence of light. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:36:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9a19b7d682c040f08c2ea11e808058b6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:36:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-9a19b7d682c040f08c2ea11e808058b62023-11-23T13:32:29ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-05-01145105310.3390/v14051053Infectivity and Morphology of Bovine Coronavirus Inactivated In Vitro by Cationic PhotosensitizersVladimir Zhukhovitsky0Natalia Shevlyagina1Margarita Zubasheva2Leonid Russu3Vladimir Gushchin4Gennady Meerovich5Marina Strakhovskaya6Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 123098, RussiaGamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 123098, RussiaGamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 123098, RussiaGamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 123098, RussiaGamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 123098, RussiaProkhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, RussiaFaculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, RussiaBovine coronaviruses (BCoVs), which cause gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in cattle, and are genetically related to the human coronavirus HCoV-OC43, which is responsible for up to 10% of common colds, attract increased attention. We applied the method of photodynamic inactivation with cationic photosensitizers (PSs) to reduce the titers of BCoV and studied the morphological structure of viral particles under various modes of photodynamic exposure. The samples of virus containing liquid with an initial virus titer of 5 Log<sub>10</sub> TCID50/mL were incubated with methylene blue (MB) or octakis(cholinyl)zinc phthalocyanine (Zn-PcChol<sub>8+</sub>) at concentrations of 1–5 μM for 10 min in the dark at room temperature. After incubation, samples were irradiated with LED (emission with maximum at 663 nm for MB or at 686 nm for Zn-PcChol<sub>8+</sub>) with light doses of 1.5 or 4 J/cm<sup>2</sup>. Next, the irradiation titrated virus containing liquid was studied using negative staining transmission electron microscopy. MB and Zn-PcChol<sub>8+</sub> at concentrations of 1–5 μM, in combination with red light from LED sources in the low doses of 1.5–4.0 J/cm<sup>2</sup>, led to a decrease in BCoV titers by at least four orders of magnitude from the initial titer 5 Log<sub>10</sub> TCID50/mL. Morphological changes in photodamaged BCoVs with increasing PS concentrations were loss of spikes, change in shape, decreased size of virus particles, destruction of the envelope, and complete disintegration of viruses. BCoV has been found to be sensitive to MB, which is the well-known approved drug, even in the absence of light.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/5/1053bovine coronavirusglycoproteinphotosensitizerphotodynamic inactivationoctakis(cholinyl)zinc phthalocyaninemethylene blue |
| spellingShingle | Vladimir Zhukhovitsky Natalia Shevlyagina Margarita Zubasheva Leonid Russu Vladimir Gushchin Gennady Meerovich Marina Strakhovskaya Infectivity and Morphology of Bovine Coronavirus Inactivated In Vitro by Cationic Photosensitizers Viruses bovine coronavirus glycoprotein photosensitizer photodynamic inactivation octakis(cholinyl)zinc phthalocyanine methylene blue |
| title | Infectivity and Morphology of Bovine Coronavirus Inactivated In Vitro by Cationic Photosensitizers |
| title_full | Infectivity and Morphology of Bovine Coronavirus Inactivated In Vitro by Cationic Photosensitizers |
| title_fullStr | Infectivity and Morphology of Bovine Coronavirus Inactivated In Vitro by Cationic Photosensitizers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Infectivity and Morphology of Bovine Coronavirus Inactivated In Vitro by Cationic Photosensitizers |
| title_short | Infectivity and Morphology of Bovine Coronavirus Inactivated In Vitro by Cationic Photosensitizers |
| title_sort | infectivity and morphology of bovine coronavirus inactivated in vitro by cationic photosensitizers |
| topic | bovine coronavirus glycoprotein photosensitizer photodynamic inactivation octakis(cholinyl)zinc phthalocyanine methylene blue |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/5/1053 |
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