Effects of Enzamin, a Microbial Product, on Alterations of Intestinal Microbiota Induced by a High-Fat Diet
In the human intestinal tract, there are more than 100 trillion microorganisms classified into at least 1000 different species. The intestinal microbiota contributes to the regulation of systemic physiologic functions and the maintenance of homeostasis of the host. It has been reported that the alte...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/22/4743 |
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| author | Toshinori Yasuzawa Ryota Nishi Satono Ishitani Osamu Matsuo Shigeru Ueshima |
| author_facet | Toshinori Yasuzawa Ryota Nishi Satono Ishitani Osamu Matsuo Shigeru Ueshima |
| author_sort | Toshinori Yasuzawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the human intestinal tract, there are more than 100 trillion microorganisms classified into at least 1000 different species. The intestinal microbiota contributes to the regulation of systemic physiologic functions and the maintenance of homeostasis of the host. It has been reported that the alteration of the intestinal microbiota is involved in metabolic syndromes, including type II diabetes and dyslipidemia, inflammatory bowel disease, allergic disease, and cancer growth. It has been reported that a microbial product from <i>Paenibacillus polymyxa</i> AK, which was named Enzamin, ameliorated adipose inflammation with impaired adipocytokine expression and insulin resistance in db/db mice. In order to investigate the effect of Enzamin on the intestinal microbiota and inflammation induced by obesity, mice were fed with a high-fat diet and 1% Enzamin for 4 weeks. Enzamin improved the <i>Firmicutes</i>-to-<i>Bacteroidetes</i> ratio and altered the intestinal microbiota in mice fed the high-fat diet. In addition, Enzamin suppressed the decreased expression of claudin-4 and the increased serum LPS level in mice fed with the high-fat diet. Modulating the intestinal microbiota with Enzamin may cause a decrease in serum LPS level. Based on these results, Enzamin may improve inflammation and metabolic disorders by regulating the intestinal microbiota in obese mice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:06:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9a1abae4d8dc4a25945f2b2366b091ae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:06:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj.art-9a1abae4d8dc4a25945f2b2366b091ae2023-11-24T09:30:24ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-11-011422474310.3390/nu14224743Effects of Enzamin, a Microbial Product, on Alterations of Intestinal Microbiota Induced by a High-Fat DietToshinori Yasuzawa0Ryota Nishi1Satono Ishitani2Osamu Matsuo3Shigeru Ueshima4Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone 522-8533, JapanDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, JapanDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, JapanFaculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama 589-9511, JapanDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, JapanIn the human intestinal tract, there are more than 100 trillion microorganisms classified into at least 1000 different species. The intestinal microbiota contributes to the regulation of systemic physiologic functions and the maintenance of homeostasis of the host. It has been reported that the alteration of the intestinal microbiota is involved in metabolic syndromes, including type II diabetes and dyslipidemia, inflammatory bowel disease, allergic disease, and cancer growth. It has been reported that a microbial product from <i>Paenibacillus polymyxa</i> AK, which was named Enzamin, ameliorated adipose inflammation with impaired adipocytokine expression and insulin resistance in db/db mice. In order to investigate the effect of Enzamin on the intestinal microbiota and inflammation induced by obesity, mice were fed with a high-fat diet and 1% Enzamin for 4 weeks. Enzamin improved the <i>Firmicutes</i>-to-<i>Bacteroidetes</i> ratio and altered the intestinal microbiota in mice fed the high-fat diet. In addition, Enzamin suppressed the decreased expression of claudin-4 and the increased serum LPS level in mice fed with the high-fat diet. Modulating the intestinal microbiota with Enzamin may cause a decrease in serum LPS level. Based on these results, Enzamin may improve inflammation and metabolic disorders by regulating the intestinal microbiota in obese mice.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/22/4743intestinal microbiotaadhesion moleculeinflammationEnzamin |
| spellingShingle | Toshinori Yasuzawa Ryota Nishi Satono Ishitani Osamu Matsuo Shigeru Ueshima Effects of Enzamin, a Microbial Product, on Alterations of Intestinal Microbiota Induced by a High-Fat Diet Nutrients intestinal microbiota adhesion molecule inflammation Enzamin |
| title | Effects of Enzamin, a Microbial Product, on Alterations of Intestinal Microbiota Induced by a High-Fat Diet |
| title_full | Effects of Enzamin, a Microbial Product, on Alterations of Intestinal Microbiota Induced by a High-Fat Diet |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Enzamin, a Microbial Product, on Alterations of Intestinal Microbiota Induced by a High-Fat Diet |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Enzamin, a Microbial Product, on Alterations of Intestinal Microbiota Induced by a High-Fat Diet |
| title_short | Effects of Enzamin, a Microbial Product, on Alterations of Intestinal Microbiota Induced by a High-Fat Diet |
| title_sort | effects of enzamin a microbial product on alterations of intestinal microbiota induced by a high fat diet |
| topic | intestinal microbiota adhesion molecule inflammation Enzamin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/22/4743 |
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