Towards Void Hole Alleviation: Enhanced GEographic and Opportunistic Routing Protocols in Harsh Underwater WSNs
Internet of Things enabled Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (IoT-UWSNs) are quite useful in monitoring different tasks including: from instrument monitoring to the climate recording and from pollution control to the prediction of natural disasters. However, there are some challenges, which affect...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2020-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9097873/ |
| _version_ | 1818323828540964864 |
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| author | Muhammad Awais Ishtiaq Ali Turki Ali Alghamdi Muhammad Ramzan Muhammad Tahir Mariam Akbar Nadeem Javaid |
| author_facet | Muhammad Awais Ishtiaq Ali Turki Ali Alghamdi Muhammad Ramzan Muhammad Tahir Mariam Akbar Nadeem Javaid |
| author_sort | Muhammad Awais |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Internet of Things enabled Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (IoT-UWSNs) are quite useful in monitoring different tasks including: from instrument monitoring to the climate recording and from pollution control to the prediction of natural disasters. However, there are some challenges, which affect the performance of a network, i.e., void hole occurrence, high Energy Consumption (EC) and low Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR). Therefore, in this work, two energy efficient routing protocols are proposed to maximize the PDR by minimizing the ratio of void hole occurrence. Scalability analysis of the proposed routing protocols is also performed. Additionally, feasible regions are computed to check the optimality of the proposed protocol in terms of EC. Furthermore, proposed protocols are compared with benchmark routing protocols in counterparts. Simulation results clearly show that proposed routing protocols achieved 80-81% higher PDR than GEographic and opportunistic routing with Depth Adjustment based topology control for communication Recovery (GEDAR) and Transmission Adjustment Neighbor-node Approaching Distinct Energy Efficient Mates (TA-NADEEM). Moreover, the ratio of void hole occurrence is minimized upto 30% approximately. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T11:18:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9a1ae66a373f47d188825e4d23ff97f4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T11:18:54Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-9a1ae66a373f47d188825e4d23ff97f42022-12-21T23:48:33ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362020-01-018965929660510.1109/ACCESS.2020.29963679097873Towards Void Hole Alleviation: Enhanced GEographic and Opportunistic Routing Protocols in Harsh Underwater WSNsMuhammad Awais0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7064-6796Ishtiaq Ali1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0089-4094Turki Ali Alghamdi2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6706-2183Muhammad Ramzan3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1770-8905Muhammad Tahir4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-7537Mariam Akbar5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8019-9114Nadeem Javaid6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-8249Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Systems, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, PakistanCollege of Computer Science and Engineering (CCSE), University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, PakistanInternet of Things enabled Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (IoT-UWSNs) are quite useful in monitoring different tasks including: from instrument monitoring to the climate recording and from pollution control to the prediction of natural disasters. However, there are some challenges, which affect the performance of a network, i.e., void hole occurrence, high Energy Consumption (EC) and low Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR). Therefore, in this work, two energy efficient routing protocols are proposed to maximize the PDR by minimizing the ratio of void hole occurrence. Scalability analysis of the proposed routing protocols is also performed. Additionally, feasible regions are computed to check the optimality of the proposed protocol in terms of EC. Furthermore, proposed protocols are compared with benchmark routing protocols in counterparts. Simulation results clearly show that proposed routing protocols achieved 80-81% higher PDR than GEographic and opportunistic routing with Depth Adjustment based topology control for communication Recovery (GEDAR) and Transmission Adjustment Neighbor-node Approaching Distinct Energy Efficient Mates (TA-NADEEM). Moreover, the ratio of void hole occurrence is minimized upto 30% approximately.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9097873/Underwater wireless sensor networksInternet of Things enabled harsh underwater WSNsenergy hole alleviationenhanced geographic and opportunistic routing |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Awais Ishtiaq Ali Turki Ali Alghamdi Muhammad Ramzan Muhammad Tahir Mariam Akbar Nadeem Javaid Towards Void Hole Alleviation: Enhanced GEographic and Opportunistic Routing Protocols in Harsh Underwater WSNs IEEE Access Underwater wireless sensor networks Internet of Things enabled harsh underwater WSNs energy hole alleviation enhanced geographic and opportunistic routing |
| title | Towards Void Hole Alleviation: Enhanced GEographic and Opportunistic Routing Protocols in Harsh Underwater WSNs |
| title_full | Towards Void Hole Alleviation: Enhanced GEographic and Opportunistic Routing Protocols in Harsh Underwater WSNs |
| title_fullStr | Towards Void Hole Alleviation: Enhanced GEographic and Opportunistic Routing Protocols in Harsh Underwater WSNs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Towards Void Hole Alleviation: Enhanced GEographic and Opportunistic Routing Protocols in Harsh Underwater WSNs |
| title_short | Towards Void Hole Alleviation: Enhanced GEographic and Opportunistic Routing Protocols in Harsh Underwater WSNs |
| title_sort | towards void hole alleviation enhanced geographic and opportunistic routing protocols in harsh underwater wsns |
| topic | Underwater wireless sensor networks Internet of Things enabled harsh underwater WSNs energy hole alleviation enhanced geographic and opportunistic routing |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9097873/ |
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