Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines in the Treatment of Ejaculatory Disorders: A Systematic Review
<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Ejaculatory dysfunction (EjD) is a common male sexual disorder that includes premature ejaculation, delayed ejaculation, retrograde ejaculation, and anejaculation. Although psychological and pharmacological treatments are available, traditional, compleme...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/9/1607 |
| _version_ | 1797578896159277056 |
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| author | Kristian Leisegang Chinyerum Sylvia Opuwari Faith Moichela Renata Finelli |
| author_facet | Kristian Leisegang Chinyerum Sylvia Opuwari Faith Moichela Renata Finelli |
| author_sort | Kristian Leisegang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background and Objectives</i>: Ejaculatory dysfunction (EjD) is a common male sexual disorder that includes premature ejaculation, delayed ejaculation, retrograde ejaculation, and anejaculation. Although psychological and pharmacological treatments are available, traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine (TCAM) is reportedly used. However, the clinical evidence for TCAM in EjD remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review human clinical trials investigating the use of TCAM to treat EjD. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: A systematic review of the literature following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted by searching Scopus and PubMed databases. Controlled clinical trials investigating a cohort of male patients diagnosed primarily with EjD and undergoing any TCAM intervention compared to any comparison group were included. Quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized controlled trials. <i>Results</i>: Following article screening, 22 articles were included. Of these, 21 investigated TCAM in premature ejaculation, and only 1 investigated TCAM in retrograde ejaculation. Different TCAM categories included studies that investigated lifestyle, exercise and/or physical activities (n = 7); herbal medicine supplements (n = 5); topical herbal applications (n = 4); acupuncture or electroacupuncture (n = 3); vitamin, mineral and/or nutraceutical supplements (n = 1); hyaluronic acid penile injection (n = 1); and music therapy (n = 1). Only 31.8% (n = 7) of the included studies were found to have a low risk of bias. The available studies were widely heterogenous in the TCAM intervention investigated and comparison groups used. However, the included studies generally showed improved outcomes intra-group and when compared to placebo. <i>Conclusions</i>: Different TCAM interventions may have an important role particularly in the management of PE. However, more studies using standardized interventions are needed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:29:11Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:29:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj.art-9a21547bd8364cd6987cc54cb0f2ddbb2023-11-19T11:52:21ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442023-09-01599160710.3390/medicina59091607Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines in the Treatment of Ejaculatory Disorders: A Systematic ReviewKristian Leisegang0Chinyerum Sylvia Opuwari1Faith Moichela2Renata Finelli3School of Natural Medicine, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South AfricaDepartment of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South AfricaDepartment of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South AfricaCreate Fertility, London EC2V 6ET, UK<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Ejaculatory dysfunction (EjD) is a common male sexual disorder that includes premature ejaculation, delayed ejaculation, retrograde ejaculation, and anejaculation. Although psychological and pharmacological treatments are available, traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine (TCAM) is reportedly used. However, the clinical evidence for TCAM in EjD remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review human clinical trials investigating the use of TCAM to treat EjD. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: A systematic review of the literature following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted by searching Scopus and PubMed databases. Controlled clinical trials investigating a cohort of male patients diagnosed primarily with EjD and undergoing any TCAM intervention compared to any comparison group were included. Quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized controlled trials. <i>Results</i>: Following article screening, 22 articles were included. Of these, 21 investigated TCAM in premature ejaculation, and only 1 investigated TCAM in retrograde ejaculation. Different TCAM categories included studies that investigated lifestyle, exercise and/or physical activities (n = 7); herbal medicine supplements (n = 5); topical herbal applications (n = 4); acupuncture or electroacupuncture (n = 3); vitamin, mineral and/or nutraceutical supplements (n = 1); hyaluronic acid penile injection (n = 1); and music therapy (n = 1). Only 31.8% (n = 7) of the included studies were found to have a low risk of bias. The available studies were widely heterogenous in the TCAM intervention investigated and comparison groups used. However, the included studies generally showed improved outcomes intra-group and when compared to placebo. <i>Conclusions</i>: Different TCAM interventions may have an important role particularly in the management of PE. However, more studies using standardized interventions are needed.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/9/1607ejaculatory dysfunctionejaculationtraditional medicinecomplementary medicinealternative medicine |
| spellingShingle | Kristian Leisegang Chinyerum Sylvia Opuwari Faith Moichela Renata Finelli Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines in the Treatment of Ejaculatory Disorders: A Systematic Review Medicina ejaculatory dysfunction ejaculation traditional medicine complementary medicine alternative medicine |
| title | Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines in the Treatment of Ejaculatory Disorders: A Systematic Review |
| title_full | Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines in the Treatment of Ejaculatory Disorders: A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines in the Treatment of Ejaculatory Disorders: A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines in the Treatment of Ejaculatory Disorders: A Systematic Review |
| title_short | Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines in the Treatment of Ejaculatory Disorders: A Systematic Review |
| title_sort | traditional complementary and alternative medicines in the treatment of ejaculatory disorders a systematic review |
| topic | ejaculatory dysfunction ejaculation traditional medicine complementary medicine alternative medicine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/9/1607 |
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