Immune defense of Pieris brassicae larvae in challenged with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, its symbiotic bacteria and metabolites
In this study, virulence of the culture broth of Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata and its aqueous and organic extracts were investigated for 3rd and 4th instars of Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) larvae. Virulent efficacy was found in all the treatments. However, the culture broth of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
2017-03-01
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| Series: | Invertebrate Survival Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://isj02.unimore.it/index.php/ISJ/article/view/26 |
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| author | A Abdolmaleki Z T Maafi H R Dastjerdi B Naseri A Ghasemi |
| author_facet | A Abdolmaleki Z T Maafi H R Dastjerdi B Naseri A Ghasemi |
| author_sort | A Abdolmaleki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, virulence of the culture broth of Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata and its aqueous and organic extracts were investigated for 3rd and 4th instars of Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) larvae. Virulent efficacy was found in all the treatments. However, the culture broth of bacteria showed greater mortality effect. Also, this study presents the response of P. brassicae immune system factors, phenoloxidase, lysozyme and hemocytes, to infection by Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, its symbiotic bacteria and their aqueous and organic extracts. Results showed that after injecting infective juveniles (IJs) with phenoloxidase, specific activity was suppressed after primary increase. However, the phenoloxidase specific activity suppression was observed earlier after injecting P. temperata subsp. temperata, aqueous and organic extracts. Also, results indicate more phenoloxidase activity of 4th instars larvae in comparison with 3rd instars larvae, which can show higher activity of phenoloxidase in the 4th larval stage. After injecting IJs into hemocel, the total hemocyte count was increased until five h post-injection and then decreased at seven hours post-injection. Differential Hemocyte Count (DHC) indicated granolucytes and plasmocytes as frequent hemocytes after treatment. Lysozyme consideration showed an increase after injecting living and heat-killed bacteria into hemocel. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T10:58:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9a2ce5565ce84c548f5f4897358f0786 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1824-307X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T10:58:56Z |
| publishDate | 2017-03-01 |
| publisher | University of Modena and Reggio Emilia |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Invertebrate Survival Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-9a2ce5565ce84c548f5f4897358f07862022-12-21T20:24:42ZengUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaInvertebrate Survival Journal1824-307X2017-03-01141Immune defense of Pieris brassicae larvae in challenged with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, its symbiotic bacteria and metabolitesA Abdolmaleki0Z T Maafi1H R Dastjerdi2B Naseri3A Ghasemi4Department of Entomology, Agricultural Sciences Faculty, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Tehran, IranIranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, IranDepartment of Entomology, Agricultural Sciences Faculty, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Tehran, IranDepartment of Entomology, Agricultural Sciences Faculty, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Tehran, IranIranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, IranIn this study, virulence of the culture broth of Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata and its aqueous and organic extracts were investigated for 3rd and 4th instars of Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) larvae. Virulent efficacy was found in all the treatments. However, the culture broth of bacteria showed greater mortality effect. Also, this study presents the response of P. brassicae immune system factors, phenoloxidase, lysozyme and hemocytes, to infection by Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, its symbiotic bacteria and their aqueous and organic extracts. Results showed that after injecting infective juveniles (IJs) with phenoloxidase, specific activity was suppressed after primary increase. However, the phenoloxidase specific activity suppression was observed earlier after injecting P. temperata subsp. temperata, aqueous and organic extracts. Also, results indicate more phenoloxidase activity of 4th instars larvae in comparison with 3rd instars larvae, which can show higher activity of phenoloxidase in the 4th larval stage. After injecting IJs into hemocel, the total hemocyte count was increased until five h post-injection and then decreased at seven hours post-injection. Differential Hemocyte Count (DHC) indicated granolucytes and plasmocytes as frequent hemocytes after treatment. Lysozyme consideration showed an increase after injecting living and heat-killed bacteria into hemocel.https://isj02.unimore.it/index.php/ISJ/article/view/26HemocyteLysozymePhenoloxidaseentomopathogenic nematodePhotorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata |
| spellingShingle | A Abdolmaleki Z T Maafi H R Dastjerdi B Naseri A Ghasemi Immune defense of Pieris brassicae larvae in challenged with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, its symbiotic bacteria and metabolites Invertebrate Survival Journal Hemocyte Lysozyme Phenoloxidase entomopathogenic nematode Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata |
| title | Immune defense of Pieris brassicae larvae in challenged with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, its symbiotic bacteria and metabolites |
| title_full | Immune defense of Pieris brassicae larvae in challenged with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, its symbiotic bacteria and metabolites |
| title_fullStr | Immune defense of Pieris brassicae larvae in challenged with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, its symbiotic bacteria and metabolites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immune defense of Pieris brassicae larvae in challenged with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, its symbiotic bacteria and metabolites |
| title_short | Immune defense of Pieris brassicae larvae in challenged with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, its symbiotic bacteria and metabolites |
| title_sort | immune defense of pieris brassicae larvae in challenged with heterorhabditis bacteriophora its symbiotic bacteria and metabolites |
| topic | Hemocyte Lysozyme Phenoloxidase entomopathogenic nematode Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata |
| url | https://isj02.unimore.it/index.php/ISJ/article/view/26 |
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