A Modeling Framework to Develop Materials with Improved Noise and Vibration Performance for Electric Vehicles
The automotive and aerospace industries increasingly use lightweight materials to improve performance while reducing fuel consumption. Lightweight materials are frequently used in electric vehicles (EVs). However, using these materials can increase airborne and structure-borne noise. Furthermore, EV...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/9/3880 |
| _version_ | 1797602699633491968 |
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| author | Seyed Jamaleddin Mostafavi Yazdi Seongchan Pack Foroogh Rouhollahi Javad Baqersad |
| author_facet | Seyed Jamaleddin Mostafavi Yazdi Seongchan Pack Foroogh Rouhollahi Javad Baqersad |
| author_sort | Seyed Jamaleddin Mostafavi Yazdi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The automotive and aerospace industries increasingly use lightweight materials to improve performance while reducing fuel consumption. Lightweight materials are frequently used in electric vehicles (EVs). However, using these materials can increase airborne and structure-borne noise. Furthermore, EV noise occurs at high frequencies, and conventional materials have small damping. Thus, there is an increasing need for procedures that help design new materials and coatings to reduce the transferred and radiated noise at desired frequencies. This study pioneered new techniques for microstructure modeling of coated and uncoated materials with improved noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) performance. This work uses the microstructure of materials to study their vibration-damping capacity. Images from an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) show the microstructure of a sample polymer and its coating. Tensile tests and experimental modal analysis were used to obtain the material properties of the polymer for microstructure modeling. The current work investigates how different microstructure parameters, such as fiberglass volume fraction and orientation, can change the vibration performance of materials. The damping ratio in the study was found to be affected by changes in both the direction and volume ratio of fiberglass. Furthermore, the effects of the coating are investigated in this work. Through modal analysis, it was observed that increasing the thickness of aluminum and aluminum bronze coatings caused a rightward shift in resonance frequency. Coatings with a thickness of 2 mm were found to perform better than those with lower thicknesses. Furthermore, the aluminum coating resulted in a greater shift in frequency than the aluminum bronze coating. Additionally, the coating with a higher damping ratio (i.e., aluminum bronze) significantly reduced the amplitude of surface velocity due to excitation, particularly at higher frequencies. This study provides engineers with an understanding of the effects of layer coating on the NVH performance of components and a modeling approach that can be used to design vehicles with enhanced noise and vibration performance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:19:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9a2e1a51d9a341cf9f2eccbc99b74afc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:19:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-9a2e1a51d9a341cf9f2eccbc99b74afc2023-11-17T22:52:59ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-05-01169388010.3390/en16093880A Modeling Framework to Develop Materials with Improved Noise and Vibration Performance for Electric VehiclesSeyed Jamaleddin Mostafavi Yazdi0Seongchan Pack1Foroogh Rouhollahi2Javad Baqersad3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kettering University, 1700 University Ave, Flint, MI 48504, USAGlobal Product Development at Global Technical Center, General Motors, Warren, MI 48340, USADepartment of Chemical Engineering, Kettering University, 1700 University Ave, Flint, MI 48504, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Kettering University, 1700 University Ave, Flint, MI 48504, USAThe automotive and aerospace industries increasingly use lightweight materials to improve performance while reducing fuel consumption. Lightweight materials are frequently used in electric vehicles (EVs). However, using these materials can increase airborne and structure-borne noise. Furthermore, EV noise occurs at high frequencies, and conventional materials have small damping. Thus, there is an increasing need for procedures that help design new materials and coatings to reduce the transferred and radiated noise at desired frequencies. This study pioneered new techniques for microstructure modeling of coated and uncoated materials with improved noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) performance. This work uses the microstructure of materials to study their vibration-damping capacity. Images from an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) show the microstructure of a sample polymer and its coating. Tensile tests and experimental modal analysis were used to obtain the material properties of the polymer for microstructure modeling. The current work investigates how different microstructure parameters, such as fiberglass volume fraction and orientation, can change the vibration performance of materials. The damping ratio in the study was found to be affected by changes in both the direction and volume ratio of fiberglass. Furthermore, the effects of the coating are investigated in this work. Through modal analysis, it was observed that increasing the thickness of aluminum and aluminum bronze coatings caused a rightward shift in resonance frequency. Coatings with a thickness of 2 mm were found to perform better than those with lower thicknesses. Furthermore, the aluminum coating resulted in a greater shift in frequency than the aluminum bronze coating. Additionally, the coating with a higher damping ratio (i.e., aluminum bronze) significantly reduced the amplitude of surface velocity due to excitation, particularly at higher frequencies. This study provides engineers with an understanding of the effects of layer coating on the NVH performance of components and a modeling approach that can be used to design vehicles with enhanced noise and vibration performance.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/9/3880vibrationdampingNVHlightweightelectric vehiclesfinite element analysis |
| spellingShingle | Seyed Jamaleddin Mostafavi Yazdi Seongchan Pack Foroogh Rouhollahi Javad Baqersad A Modeling Framework to Develop Materials with Improved Noise and Vibration Performance for Electric Vehicles Energies vibration damping NVH lightweight electric vehicles finite element analysis |
| title | A Modeling Framework to Develop Materials with Improved Noise and Vibration Performance for Electric Vehicles |
| title_full | A Modeling Framework to Develop Materials with Improved Noise and Vibration Performance for Electric Vehicles |
| title_fullStr | A Modeling Framework to Develop Materials with Improved Noise and Vibration Performance for Electric Vehicles |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Modeling Framework to Develop Materials with Improved Noise and Vibration Performance for Electric Vehicles |
| title_short | A Modeling Framework to Develop Materials with Improved Noise and Vibration Performance for Electric Vehicles |
| title_sort | modeling framework to develop materials with improved noise and vibration performance for electric vehicles |
| topic | vibration damping NVH lightweight electric vehicles finite element analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/9/3880 |
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