High‐Latitude Stratospheric Aerosol Injection to Preserve the Arctic
Abstract Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) has been shown in climate models to reduce some impacts of global warming in the Arctic, including the loss of sea ice, permafrost thaw, and reduction of Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) mass; SAI at high latitudes could preferentially target these impacts. I...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Earth's Future |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF003052 |
| _version_ | 1811176711635599360 |
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| author | Walker Raymond Lee Douglas G. MacMartin Daniele Visioni Ben Kravitz Yating Chen John C. Moore Gunter Leguy David M. Lawrence David A. Bailey |
| author_facet | Walker Raymond Lee Douglas G. MacMartin Daniele Visioni Ben Kravitz Yating Chen John C. Moore Gunter Leguy David M. Lawrence David A. Bailey |
| author_sort | Walker Raymond Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) has been shown in climate models to reduce some impacts of global warming in the Arctic, including the loss of sea ice, permafrost thaw, and reduction of Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) mass; SAI at high latitudes could preferentially target these impacts. In this study, we use the Community Earth System Model to simulate two Arctic‐focused SAI strategies, which inject at 60°N latitude each spring with injection rates adjusted to either maintain September Arctic sea ice at 2030 levels (“Arctic Low”) or restore it to 2010 levels (“Arctic High”). Both simulations maintain or restore September sea ice to within 10% of their respective targets, reduce permafrost thaw, and increase GrIS surface mass balance by reducing runoff. Arctic High reduces these impacts more effectively than a globally focused SAI strategy that injects similar quantities of SO2 at lower latitudes. However, Arctic‐focused SAI is not merely a “reset button” for the Arctic climate, but brings about a novel climate state, including changes to the seasonal cycles of Northern Hemisphere temperature and sea ice and less high‐latitude carbon uptake relative to SSP2‐4.5. Additionally, while Arctic‐focused SAI produces the most cooling near the pole, its effects are not confined to the Arctic, including detectable cooling throughout most of the northern hemisphere for both simulations, increased mid‐latitude sulfur deposition, and a southward shift of the location of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. For these reasons, it would be incorrect to consider Arctic‐focused SAI as “local” geoengineering, even when compared to a globally focused strategy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T19:57:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9a37859a12884fbe95f3d7a6548794fb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2328-4277 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T19:57:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Earth's Future |
| spelling | doaj.art-9a37859a12884fbe95f3d7a6548794fb2023-01-27T18:20:32ZengWileyEarth's Future2328-42772023-01-01111n/an/a10.1029/2022EF003052High‐Latitude Stratospheric Aerosol Injection to Preserve the ArcticWalker Raymond Lee0Douglas G. MacMartin1Daniele Visioni2Ben Kravitz3Yating Chen4John C. Moore5Gunter Leguy6David M. Lawrence7David A. Bailey8Sibley School for Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Cornell University NY Ithaca USASibley School for Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Cornell University NY Ithaca USASibley School for Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Cornell University NY Ithaca USADepartment of Earth and Atmospheric Science Indiana University IN Bloomington USACollege of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University Beijing ChinaCollege of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University Beijing ChinaClimate and Global Dynamics Laboratory National Center for Atmospheric Research CO Boulder USAClimate and Global Dynamics Laboratory National Center for Atmospheric Research CO Boulder USAClimate and Global Dynamics Laboratory National Center for Atmospheric Research CO Boulder USAAbstract Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) has been shown in climate models to reduce some impacts of global warming in the Arctic, including the loss of sea ice, permafrost thaw, and reduction of Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) mass; SAI at high latitudes could preferentially target these impacts. In this study, we use the Community Earth System Model to simulate two Arctic‐focused SAI strategies, which inject at 60°N latitude each spring with injection rates adjusted to either maintain September Arctic sea ice at 2030 levels (“Arctic Low”) or restore it to 2010 levels (“Arctic High”). Both simulations maintain or restore September sea ice to within 10% of their respective targets, reduce permafrost thaw, and increase GrIS surface mass balance by reducing runoff. Arctic High reduces these impacts more effectively than a globally focused SAI strategy that injects similar quantities of SO2 at lower latitudes. However, Arctic‐focused SAI is not merely a “reset button” for the Arctic climate, but brings about a novel climate state, including changes to the seasonal cycles of Northern Hemisphere temperature and sea ice and less high‐latitude carbon uptake relative to SSP2‐4.5. Additionally, while Arctic‐focused SAI produces the most cooling near the pole, its effects are not confined to the Arctic, including detectable cooling throughout most of the northern hemisphere for both simulations, increased mid‐latitude sulfur deposition, and a southward shift of the location of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. For these reasons, it would be incorrect to consider Arctic‐focused SAI as “local” geoengineering, even when compared to a globally focused strategy.https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF003052geoengineeringstratospheric aerosol injectionhigh‐latitude aerosol injectionsea icepermafrostGreenland ice sheet |
| spellingShingle | Walker Raymond Lee Douglas G. MacMartin Daniele Visioni Ben Kravitz Yating Chen John C. Moore Gunter Leguy David M. Lawrence David A. Bailey High‐Latitude Stratospheric Aerosol Injection to Preserve the Arctic Earth's Future geoengineering stratospheric aerosol injection high‐latitude aerosol injection sea ice permafrost Greenland ice sheet |
| title | High‐Latitude Stratospheric Aerosol Injection to Preserve the Arctic |
| title_full | High‐Latitude Stratospheric Aerosol Injection to Preserve the Arctic |
| title_fullStr | High‐Latitude Stratospheric Aerosol Injection to Preserve the Arctic |
| title_full_unstemmed | High‐Latitude Stratospheric Aerosol Injection to Preserve the Arctic |
| title_short | High‐Latitude Stratospheric Aerosol Injection to Preserve the Arctic |
| title_sort | high latitude stratospheric aerosol injection to preserve the arctic |
| topic | geoengineering stratospheric aerosol injection high‐latitude aerosol injection sea ice permafrost Greenland ice sheet |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF003052 |
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