Sulfur Deprivation Modulates Salicylic Acid Responses via Nonexpressor of Pathogenesis-Related Gene 1 in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>
Mineral nutrients are essential for plant growth and reproduction, yet only a few studies connect the nutritional status to plant innate immunity. The backbone of plant defense response is mainly controlled by two major hormones: salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). This study investigated ch...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/6/1065 |
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| author | Steven Criollo-Arteaga Sofia Moya-Jimenez Martin Jimenez-Meza Victor Gonzalez-Vera Jessica Gordon-Nunez Sol Llerena-Llerena Dario X. Ramirez-Villacis Pieter van ‘t Hof Antonio Leon-Reyes |
| author_facet | Steven Criollo-Arteaga Sofia Moya-Jimenez Martin Jimenez-Meza Victor Gonzalez-Vera Jessica Gordon-Nunez Sol Llerena-Llerena Dario X. Ramirez-Villacis Pieter van ‘t Hof Antonio Leon-Reyes |
| author_sort | Steven Criollo-Arteaga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mineral nutrients are essential for plant growth and reproduction, yet only a few studies connect the nutritional status to plant innate immunity. The backbone of plant defense response is mainly controlled by two major hormones: salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). This study investigated changes in the macronutrient concentration (deficiency/excess of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and sulfur) on the expression of <i>PR1</i>, a well-characterized marker in the SA-pathway, and <i>PDF1.2</i> and <i>LOX2</i> for the JA-pathway, analyzing plants carrying the promoter of each gene fused to GUS as a reporter. After histochemical GUS assays, we determined that <i>PR1</i> gene was strongly activated in response to sulfur (S) deficiency. Using RT-PCR, we observed that the induction of <i>PR1</i> depended on the function of Non-expressor of Pathogenesis-Related gene 1 (NPR1) and SA accumulation, as <i>PR1</i> was not expressed in <i>npr1-1</i> mutant and NahG plants under S-deprived conditions. Plants treated with different S-concentrations showed that total S-deprivation was required to induce SA-mediated defense responses. Additionally, bioassays revealed that S-deprived plants, induced resistance to the hemibiotrophic pathogen <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. DC3000 and increase susceptibility to the necrotrophic <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>. In conclusion, we observed a relationship between S and SA/JA-dependent defense mechanisms in Arabidopsis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:02:40Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:02:40Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-9a50d5ec23524dfcb4c2971326afe95b2023-11-21T21:26:05ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-05-01106106510.3390/plants10061065Sulfur Deprivation Modulates Salicylic Acid Responses via Nonexpressor of Pathogenesis-Related Gene 1 in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>Steven Criollo-Arteaga0Sofia Moya-Jimenez1Martin Jimenez-Meza2Victor Gonzalez-Vera3Jessica Gordon-Nunez4Sol Llerena-Llerena5Dario X. Ramirez-Villacis6Pieter van ‘t Hof7Antonio Leon-Reyes8Laboratorio de Biotecnología Agrícola y de Alimentos, Ingeniería en Agronomía, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito 17-1200-841, EcuadorLaboratorio de Biotecnología Agrícola y de Alimentos, Ingeniería en Agronomía, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito 17-1200-841, EcuadorLaboratorio de Biotecnología Agrícola y de Alimentos, Ingeniería en Agronomía, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito 17-1200-841, EcuadorLaboratorio de Biotecnología Agrícola y de Alimentos, Ingeniería en Agronomía, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito 17-1200-841, EcuadorLaboratorio de Biotecnología Agrícola y de Alimentos, Ingeniería en Agronomía, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito 17-1200-841, EcuadorLaboratorio de Biotecnología Agrícola y de Alimentos, Ingeniería en Agronomía, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito 17-1200-841, EcuadorLaboratorio de Biotecnología Agrícola y de Alimentos, Ingeniería en Agronomía, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito 17-1200-841, EcuadorColegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito 17-1200-841, EcuadorLaboratorio de Biotecnología Agrícola y de Alimentos, Ingeniería en Agronomía, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito 17-1200-841, EcuadorMineral nutrients are essential for plant growth and reproduction, yet only a few studies connect the nutritional status to plant innate immunity. The backbone of plant defense response is mainly controlled by two major hormones: salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). This study investigated changes in the macronutrient concentration (deficiency/excess of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and sulfur) on the expression of <i>PR1</i>, a well-characterized marker in the SA-pathway, and <i>PDF1.2</i> and <i>LOX2</i> for the JA-pathway, analyzing plants carrying the promoter of each gene fused to GUS as a reporter. After histochemical GUS assays, we determined that <i>PR1</i> gene was strongly activated in response to sulfur (S) deficiency. Using RT-PCR, we observed that the induction of <i>PR1</i> depended on the function of Non-expressor of Pathogenesis-Related gene 1 (NPR1) and SA accumulation, as <i>PR1</i> was not expressed in <i>npr1-1</i> mutant and NahG plants under S-deprived conditions. Plants treated with different S-concentrations showed that total S-deprivation was required to induce SA-mediated defense responses. Additionally, bioassays revealed that S-deprived plants, induced resistance to the hemibiotrophic pathogen <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. DC3000 and increase susceptibility to the necrotrophic <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>. In conclusion, we observed a relationship between S and SA/JA-dependent defense mechanisms in Arabidopsis.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/6/1065sulfursalicylic acidplant defensesNPR1nutrition |
| spellingShingle | Steven Criollo-Arteaga Sofia Moya-Jimenez Martin Jimenez-Meza Victor Gonzalez-Vera Jessica Gordon-Nunez Sol Llerena-Llerena Dario X. Ramirez-Villacis Pieter van ‘t Hof Antonio Leon-Reyes Sulfur Deprivation Modulates Salicylic Acid Responses via Nonexpressor of Pathogenesis-Related Gene 1 in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> Plants sulfur salicylic acid plant defenses NPR1 nutrition |
| title | Sulfur Deprivation Modulates Salicylic Acid Responses via Nonexpressor of Pathogenesis-Related Gene 1 in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> |
| title_full | Sulfur Deprivation Modulates Salicylic Acid Responses via Nonexpressor of Pathogenesis-Related Gene 1 in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> |
| title_fullStr | Sulfur Deprivation Modulates Salicylic Acid Responses via Nonexpressor of Pathogenesis-Related Gene 1 in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sulfur Deprivation Modulates Salicylic Acid Responses via Nonexpressor of Pathogenesis-Related Gene 1 in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> |
| title_short | Sulfur Deprivation Modulates Salicylic Acid Responses via Nonexpressor of Pathogenesis-Related Gene 1 in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> |
| title_sort | sulfur deprivation modulates salicylic acid responses via nonexpressor of pathogenesis related gene 1 in i arabidopsis thaliana i |
| topic | sulfur salicylic acid plant defenses NPR1 nutrition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/6/1065 |
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