Variability and Factors of Influence of Extreme Wet and Dry Events in Northern Mexico
The goal of this study was to generate a method to examine seasonal variability by climatic classification and Pacific seasonal factors to identify extreme wet and dry events in northern Mexico for the period 1952–2013. Using the standardized precipitation and evapotranspiration index (SPEI) on scal...
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MDPI AG
2018-03-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/9/4/122 |
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| author | Omar Llanes-Cárdenas Alberto Gaxiola-Hernández Rosa D. Estrella-Gastelum Mariano Norzagaray-Campos Enrique Troyo-Diéguez Ernestina Pérez-González Rosario Ruiz-Guerrero Manuel de J. Pellegrini Cervantes |
| author_facet | Omar Llanes-Cárdenas Alberto Gaxiola-Hernández Rosa D. Estrella-Gastelum Mariano Norzagaray-Campos Enrique Troyo-Diéguez Ernestina Pérez-González Rosario Ruiz-Guerrero Manuel de J. Pellegrini Cervantes |
| author_sort | Omar Llanes-Cárdenas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The goal of this study was to generate a method to examine seasonal variability by climatic classification and Pacific seasonal factors to identify extreme wet and dry events in northern Mexico for the period 1952–2013. Using the standardized precipitation and evapotranspiration index (SPEI) on scales of three months (SPEI-3) and 24 months (SPEI-24), the variability of extreme wet and dry events were measured. The SPEI-3 and SPEI-24 anomalies were divided by the standard deviation (standardized Z anomalies). A Pearson correlation for SPEI-3, SPEI-24, Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and the oceanic El Niño index (ONI) was applied. Wet extreme events were recorded in 1954, 1968, 1976–1977, 1981, 1984, 1986 and 2003, of which the greatest magnitude was recorded in 1984 for the Sinaloa-very dry region. Extreme dry events were recorded in 1952–1953, 1990, 1997, 2003 and 2011–2013. The Z anomalies of the wet extreme events observed coincide with +PDO phase anomalies. In this study, the El Niño southern oscillation (ENSO) has little influence on wet and dry extreme events in northern Mexico. The negative phase anomalies of sea surface temperature (−SST) in the equatorial and eastern Pacific are indicators of extreme wet events. This study shows for the first time the influence of the PDO and the ONI on seasonal variability of extreme wet and dry events by climatic classification through the SPEI index in northern Mexico. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T03:30:18Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T03:30:18Z |
| publishDate | 2018-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-9a589d9a770f4839a56118bcd9789b612022-12-22T02:03:50ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332018-03-019412210.3390/atmos9040122atmos9040122Variability and Factors of Influence of Extreme Wet and Dry Events in Northern MexicoOmar Llanes-Cárdenas0Alberto Gaxiola-Hernández1Rosa D. Estrella-Gastelum2Mariano Norzagaray-Campos3Enrique Troyo-Diéguez4Ernestina Pérez-González5Rosario Ruiz-Guerrero6Manuel de J. Pellegrini Cervantes7Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Sinaloa (CIIDIR-IPN-Sinaloa), Boulevard Juan de Diós Bátiz Paredes # 250, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico C.P. 81101, MexicoFacultad de Ingeniería Mochis, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Fuente de Poseidón y calle Ángel Flores S/N, Los Mochis, Sinaloa C.P. 81223, MexicoInstituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Sinaloa (CIIDIR-IPN-Sinaloa), Boulevard Juan de Diós Bátiz Paredes # 250, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico C.P. 81101, MexicoInstituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Sinaloa (CIIDIR-IPN-Sinaloa), Boulevard Juan de Diós Bátiz Paredes # 250, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico C.P. 81101, MexicoCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR-La Paz), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. México C.P. 23096, MexicoInstituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Sinaloa (CIIDIR-IPN-Sinaloa), Boulevard Juan de Diós Bátiz Paredes # 250, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico C.P. 81101, MexicoInstituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica. Cerrada de Cecati S/N. Col. Santa Catarina Azcapotzalco, Ciudad de México 02250, MexicoFacultad de Ingeniería Mochis, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Fuente de Poseidón y calle Ángel Flores S/N, Los Mochis, Sinaloa C.P. 81223, MexicoThe goal of this study was to generate a method to examine seasonal variability by climatic classification and Pacific seasonal factors to identify extreme wet and dry events in northern Mexico for the period 1952–2013. Using the standardized precipitation and evapotranspiration index (SPEI) on scales of three months (SPEI-3) and 24 months (SPEI-24), the variability of extreme wet and dry events were measured. The SPEI-3 and SPEI-24 anomalies were divided by the standard deviation (standardized Z anomalies). A Pearson correlation for SPEI-3, SPEI-24, Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and the oceanic El Niño index (ONI) was applied. Wet extreme events were recorded in 1954, 1968, 1976–1977, 1981, 1984, 1986 and 2003, of which the greatest magnitude was recorded in 1984 for the Sinaloa-very dry region. Extreme dry events were recorded in 1952–1953, 1990, 1997, 2003 and 2011–2013. The Z anomalies of the wet extreme events observed coincide with +PDO phase anomalies. In this study, the El Niño southern oscillation (ENSO) has little influence on wet and dry extreme events in northern Mexico. The negative phase anomalies of sea surface temperature (−SST) in the equatorial and eastern Pacific are indicators of extreme wet events. This study shows for the first time the influence of the PDO and the ONI on seasonal variability of extreme wet and dry events by climatic classification through the SPEI index in northern Mexico.http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/9/4/122SPEI-3SPEI-24extreme events |
| spellingShingle | Omar Llanes-Cárdenas Alberto Gaxiola-Hernández Rosa D. Estrella-Gastelum Mariano Norzagaray-Campos Enrique Troyo-Diéguez Ernestina Pérez-González Rosario Ruiz-Guerrero Manuel de J. Pellegrini Cervantes Variability and Factors of Influence of Extreme Wet and Dry Events in Northern Mexico Atmosphere SPEI-3 SPEI-24 extreme events |
| title | Variability and Factors of Influence of Extreme Wet and Dry Events in Northern Mexico |
| title_full | Variability and Factors of Influence of Extreme Wet and Dry Events in Northern Mexico |
| title_fullStr | Variability and Factors of Influence of Extreme Wet and Dry Events in Northern Mexico |
| title_full_unstemmed | Variability and Factors of Influence of Extreme Wet and Dry Events in Northern Mexico |
| title_short | Variability and Factors of Influence of Extreme Wet and Dry Events in Northern Mexico |
| title_sort | variability and factors of influence of extreme wet and dry events in northern mexico |
| topic | SPEI-3 SPEI-24 extreme events |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/9/4/122 |
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