<i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> and <i>Babesia</i> Species of Sympatric Roe Deer (<i>Capreolus capreolus</i>), Fallow Deer (<i>Dama dama</i>), Sika Deer (<i>Cervus nippon</i>) and Red Deer (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) in Germany
(1) Background: Wild cervids play an important role in transmission cycles of tick-borne pathogens; however, investigations of tick-borne pathogens in sika deer in Germany are lacking. (2) Methods: Spleen tissue of 74 sympatric wild cervids (30 roe deer, 7 fallow deer, 22 sika deer, 15 red deer) and...
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/11/968 |
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| author | Cornelia Silaghi Julia Fröhlich Hubert Reindl Dietmar Hamel Steffen Rehbein |
| author_facet | Cornelia Silaghi Julia Fröhlich Hubert Reindl Dietmar Hamel Steffen Rehbein |
| author_sort | Cornelia Silaghi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: Wild cervids play an important role in transmission cycles of tick-borne pathogens; however, investigations of tick-borne pathogens in sika deer in Germany are lacking. (2) Methods: Spleen tissue of 74 sympatric wild cervids (30 roe deer, 7 fallow deer, 22 sika deer, 15 red deer) and of 27 red deer from a farm from southeastern Germany were analyzed by molecular methods for the presence of <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> and <i>Babesia</i> species. (3) Results: <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> and <i>Babesia</i> DNA was demonstrated in 90.5% and 47.3% of the 74 combined wild cervids and 14.8% and 18.5% of the farmed deer, respectively. Twelve <i>16S rRNA</i> variants of <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> were delineated. While the infection rate for <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> among the four cervid species was similar (71.4% to 100%), it varied significantly for <i>Babesia</i> between roe deer (73.3%), fallow deer (14.3%), sika deer (27.3%) and red deer (40.0%). Deer ≤2 years of age tested significantly more often positive than the older deer for both <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> and <i>Babesia</i> species. (4) Conclusions: This study confirms the widespread occurrence of <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> and <i>Babesia</i> species in wild cervids and farmed red deer in Germany and documents the co-occurrence of the two tick-borne pathogens in free-ranging sika deer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:42:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9a624c09f7784101a0c4779e440fc4db |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:42:09Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-9a624c09f7784101a0c4779e440fc4db2023-11-20T21:45:14ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172020-11-0191196810.3390/pathogens9110968<i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> and <i>Babesia</i> Species of Sympatric Roe Deer (<i>Capreolus capreolus</i>), Fallow Deer (<i>Dama dama</i>), Sika Deer (<i>Cervus nippon</i>) and Red Deer (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) in GermanyCornelia Silaghi0Julia Fröhlich1Hubert Reindl2Dietmar Hamel3Steffen Rehbein4Institute of Comparative Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Leopoldstr. 5, 80802 Munich, GermanyInstitute of Comparative Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Leopoldstr. 5, 80802 Munich, GermanyTierärztliche Fachpraxis für Kleintiere, Schießtrath 12, 92709 Moosbach, GermanyBoehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center, Walchenseestr. 8-12, 83101 Rohrdorf, GermanyBoehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center, Walchenseestr. 8-12, 83101 Rohrdorf, Germany(1) Background: Wild cervids play an important role in transmission cycles of tick-borne pathogens; however, investigations of tick-borne pathogens in sika deer in Germany are lacking. (2) Methods: Spleen tissue of 74 sympatric wild cervids (30 roe deer, 7 fallow deer, 22 sika deer, 15 red deer) and of 27 red deer from a farm from southeastern Germany were analyzed by molecular methods for the presence of <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> and <i>Babesia</i> species. (3) Results: <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> and <i>Babesia</i> DNA was demonstrated in 90.5% and 47.3% of the 74 combined wild cervids and 14.8% and 18.5% of the farmed deer, respectively. Twelve <i>16S rRNA</i> variants of <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> were delineated. While the infection rate for <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> among the four cervid species was similar (71.4% to 100%), it varied significantly for <i>Babesia</i> between roe deer (73.3%), fallow deer (14.3%), sika deer (27.3%) and red deer (40.0%). Deer ≤2 years of age tested significantly more often positive than the older deer for both <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> and <i>Babesia</i> species. (4) Conclusions: This study confirms the widespread occurrence of <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> and <i>Babesia</i> species in wild cervids and farmed red deer in Germany and documents the co-occurrence of the two tick-borne pathogens in free-ranging sika deer.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/11/968tick-borne pathogenscervids<i>Capreolus capreolus</i><i>Dama dama</i><i>Cervus nippon</i><i>Cervus elaphus</i> |
| spellingShingle | Cornelia Silaghi Julia Fröhlich Hubert Reindl Dietmar Hamel Steffen Rehbein <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> and <i>Babesia</i> Species of Sympatric Roe Deer (<i>Capreolus capreolus</i>), Fallow Deer (<i>Dama dama</i>), Sika Deer (<i>Cervus nippon</i>) and Red Deer (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) in Germany Pathogens tick-borne pathogens cervids <i>Capreolus capreolus</i> <i>Dama dama</i> <i>Cervus nippon</i> <i>Cervus elaphus</i> |
| title | <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> and <i>Babesia</i> Species of Sympatric Roe Deer (<i>Capreolus capreolus</i>), Fallow Deer (<i>Dama dama</i>), Sika Deer (<i>Cervus nippon</i>) and Red Deer (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) in Germany |
| title_full | <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> and <i>Babesia</i> Species of Sympatric Roe Deer (<i>Capreolus capreolus</i>), Fallow Deer (<i>Dama dama</i>), Sika Deer (<i>Cervus nippon</i>) and Red Deer (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) in Germany |
| title_fullStr | <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> and <i>Babesia</i> Species of Sympatric Roe Deer (<i>Capreolus capreolus</i>), Fallow Deer (<i>Dama dama</i>), Sika Deer (<i>Cervus nippon</i>) and Red Deer (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) in Germany |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> and <i>Babesia</i> Species of Sympatric Roe Deer (<i>Capreolus capreolus</i>), Fallow Deer (<i>Dama dama</i>), Sika Deer (<i>Cervus nippon</i>) and Red Deer (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) in Germany |
| title_short | <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> and <i>Babesia</i> Species of Sympatric Roe Deer (<i>Capreolus capreolus</i>), Fallow Deer (<i>Dama dama</i>), Sika Deer (<i>Cervus nippon</i>) and Red Deer (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) in Germany |
| title_sort | i anaplasma phagocytophilum i and i babesia i species of sympatric roe deer i capreolus capreolus i fallow deer i dama dama i sika deer i cervus nippon i and red deer i cervus elaphus i in germany |
| topic | tick-borne pathogens cervids <i>Capreolus capreolus</i> <i>Dama dama</i> <i>Cervus nippon</i> <i>Cervus elaphus</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/11/968 |
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