Immunotherapy in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Present or Future? Multi-Target Analysis of Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Expression and Microsatellite Instability

Immunotherapy in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Present or Future? Multi-Target Analysis of Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Expression and Microsatellite Instability

BackgroundPenile cancer (PC) is an extremely rare malignancy, and the patients at advanced stages have currently limited treatment options with disappointing results. Immune checkpoint inhibitors anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) are currently changing the tr...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Marco Montella, Rosalaura Sabetta, Andrea Ronchi, Marco De Sio, Davide Arcaniolo, Ferdinando De Vita, Giuseppe Tirino, Alessandro Caputo, Antonio D’Antonio, Francesco Fiorentino, Gaetano Facchini, Giovanni Di Lauro, Sisto Perdonà, Jole Ventriglia, Gabriella Aquino, Florinda Feroce, Rodolfo Borges Dos Reis, Luciano Neder, Matteo Brunelli, Renato Franco, Federica Zito Marino
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
Subjects:
penile cancer
penile SCC
PD-L1
MSI
HPV
immunotherapy
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.874213/full

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