The spatially varying influence of humans on fire probability in North America
Humans affect fire regimes by providing ignition sources in some cases, suppressing wildfires in others, and altering natural vegetation in ways that may either promote or limit fire. In North America, several studies have evaluated the effects of society on fire activity; however, most studies have...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Environmental Research Letters |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/7/075005 |
| _version_ | 1827871146487316480 |
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| author | Marc-André Parisien Carol Miller Sean A Parks Evan R DeLancey François-Nicolas Robinne Mike D Flannigan |
| author_facet | Marc-André Parisien Carol Miller Sean A Parks Evan R DeLancey François-Nicolas Robinne Mike D Flannigan |
| author_sort | Marc-André Parisien |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Humans affect fire regimes by providing ignition sources in some cases, suppressing wildfires in others, and altering natural vegetation in ways that may either promote or limit fire. In North America, several studies have evaluated the effects of society on fire activity; however, most studies have been regional or subcontinental in scope and used different data and methods, thereby making continent-wide comparisons difficult. We circumvent these challenges by investigating the broad-scale impact of humans on fire activity using parallel statistical models of fire probability from 1984 to 2014 as a function of climate, enduring features (topography and percent nonfuel), lightning, and three indices of human activity (population density, an integrated metric of human activity [Human Footprint Index], and a measure of remoteness [roadless volume]) across equally spaced regions of the United States and Canada. Through a statistical control approach, whereby we account for the effect of other explanatory variables, we found evidence of non-negligible human–wildfire association across the entire continent, even in the most sparsely populated areas. A surprisingly coherent negative relationship between fire activity and humans was observed across the United States and Canada: fire probability generally diminishes with increasing human influence. Intriguing exceptions to this relationship are the continent’s least disturbed areas, where fewer humans equate to less fire. These remote areas, however, also often have lower lightning densities, leading us to believe that they may be ignition limited at the spatiotemporal scale of the study. Our results suggest that there are few purely natural fire regimes in North America today. Consequently, projections of future fire activity should consider human impacts on fire regimes to ensure sound adaptation and mitigation measures in fire-prone areas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T16:06:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9a6e6487ef6240168e7cdaa3f19277d5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1748-9326 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T16:06:45Z |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Research Letters |
| spelling | doaj.art-9a6e6487ef6240168e7cdaa3f19277d52023-08-09T14:20:07ZengIOP PublishingEnvironmental Research Letters1748-93262016-01-0111707500510.1088/1748-9326/11/7/075005The spatially varying influence of humans on fire probability in North AmericaMarc-André Parisien0Carol Miller1Sean A Parks2Evan R DeLancey3François-Nicolas Robinne4Mike D Flannigan5Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 5320-122nd Street, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, CanadaAldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 790 E Beckwith Avenue, Missoula, MT 59801, USAAldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 790 E Beckwith Avenue, Missoula, MT 59801, USANorthern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 5320-122nd Street, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada; Western Partnership for Wildland Fire Science, University of Alberta , Department of Renewable Resources, 751 General Services Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, CanadaWestern Partnership for Wildland Fire Science, University of Alberta , Department of Renewable Resources, 751 General Services Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, CanadaWestern Partnership for Wildland Fire Science, University of Alberta , Department of Renewable Resources, 751 General Services Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, CanadaHumans affect fire regimes by providing ignition sources in some cases, suppressing wildfires in others, and altering natural vegetation in ways that may either promote or limit fire. In North America, several studies have evaluated the effects of society on fire activity; however, most studies have been regional or subcontinental in scope and used different data and methods, thereby making continent-wide comparisons difficult. We circumvent these challenges by investigating the broad-scale impact of humans on fire activity using parallel statistical models of fire probability from 1984 to 2014 as a function of climate, enduring features (topography and percent nonfuel), lightning, and three indices of human activity (population density, an integrated metric of human activity [Human Footprint Index], and a measure of remoteness [roadless volume]) across equally spaced regions of the United States and Canada. Through a statistical control approach, whereby we account for the effect of other explanatory variables, we found evidence of non-negligible human–wildfire association across the entire continent, even in the most sparsely populated areas. A surprisingly coherent negative relationship between fire activity and humans was observed across the United States and Canada: fire probability generally diminishes with increasing human influence. Intriguing exceptions to this relationship are the continent’s least disturbed areas, where fewer humans equate to less fire. These remote areas, however, also often have lower lightning densities, leading us to believe that they may be ignition limited at the spatiotemporal scale of the study. Our results suggest that there are few purely natural fire regimes in North America today. Consequently, projections of future fire activity should consider human impacts on fire regimes to ensure sound adaptation and mitigation measures in fire-prone areas.https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/7/075005wildfireNorth Americaanthropogenic influenceclimatetopographylightning |
| spellingShingle | Marc-André Parisien Carol Miller Sean A Parks Evan R DeLancey François-Nicolas Robinne Mike D Flannigan The spatially varying influence of humans on fire probability in North America Environmental Research Letters wildfire North America anthropogenic influence climate topography lightning |
| title | The spatially varying influence of humans on fire probability in North America |
| title_full | The spatially varying influence of humans on fire probability in North America |
| title_fullStr | The spatially varying influence of humans on fire probability in North America |
| title_full_unstemmed | The spatially varying influence of humans on fire probability in North America |
| title_short | The spatially varying influence of humans on fire probability in North America |
| title_sort | spatially varying influence of humans on fire probability in north america |
| topic | wildfire North America anthropogenic influence climate topography lightning |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/7/075005 |
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