Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Associated Risk Factors among People Living with HIV and HIV-Uninfected Individuals in Lithuania
Background: People living with HIV (PLHIV) with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are at increased risk of tuberculosis (TB) reactivation compared to the HIV-negative population. Lithuania belongs to the 18 high-priority TB countries in the European region. The aim of this study was to compare th...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/8/990 |
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| author | Elzbieta Matulyte Zavinta Kancauskiene Aidas Kausas Jurgita Urboniene Vilnele Lipnickiene Jelena Kopeykiniene Tomas Gudaitis Sarunas Raudonis Edvardas Danila Dominique Costagliola Raimonda Matulionyte |
| author_facet | Elzbieta Matulyte Zavinta Kancauskiene Aidas Kausas Jurgita Urboniene Vilnele Lipnickiene Jelena Kopeykiniene Tomas Gudaitis Sarunas Raudonis Edvardas Danila Dominique Costagliola Raimonda Matulionyte |
| author_sort | Elzbieta Matulyte |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: People living with HIV (PLHIV) with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are at increased risk of tuberculosis (TB) reactivation compared to the HIV-negative population. Lithuania belongs to the 18 high-priority TB countries in the European region. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of LTBI and LTBI-related risk factors between PLHIV and HIV-uninfected populations. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three Lithuanian Infectious Diseases centres from August 2018 to May 2022 using the interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) and tuberculin skin test (TST) in Vilnius, and IGRA only in Siauliai and Klaipeda. Cohen’s kappa was used to assess IGRA and TST agreement. A structured questionnaire was completed by the study participants. LTBI-related risk factors were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: In total, 391 PLHIV and 443 HIV-uninfected individuals enrolled, with a median age of 41 (IQR 36–48) and 43 (IQR 36–50), consisting of 69.8% and 65.5% male, respectively. The prevalence of LTBI defined by positive IGRA and/or TST among PLHIV was higher compared to that in the HIV-uninfected population (20.5% vs. 15.3%; OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.02–2.03; <i>p</i> = 0.04). The concordance between IGRA and TST was fair: kappa = 0.23 (95% CI 0.09–0.34). In multivariable analyses, association with injecting drug use (IDU) (ORa 2.25, 95% CI 1.27–3.99, <i>p</i> = 0.01) and imprisonment (ORa 1.99, 95% CI 1.13–3.52, <i>p</i> = 0.02) in all participants, IDU (ORa 2.37, 95% CI 1.09–5.15; <i>p</i> = 0.029) in PLHIV and a history of contact with an active TB patient (ORa 3.33, 95% CI 1.53–7.24; <i>p</i> = 0.002) in HIV-uninfected individuals were significant associations evidenced by LTBI. Conclusions: The prevalence of LTBI among PLHIV in Lithuania is higher compared to that in the HIV-uninfected population and the European average. The association with IDU in PLHIV emphasizes the need for integrated HIV, TB and substance abuse treatment to provide patient-centred care. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:40:42Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:40:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-9a7bdecb7eb4457fa3b440c4ffb6542e2023-11-19T02:31:51ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172023-07-0112899010.3390/pathogens12080990Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Associated Risk Factors among People Living with HIV and HIV-Uninfected Individuals in LithuaniaElzbieta Matulyte0Zavinta Kancauskiene1Aidas Kausas2Jurgita Urboniene3Vilnele Lipnickiene4Jelena Kopeykiniene5Tomas Gudaitis6Sarunas Raudonis7Edvardas Danila8Dominique Costagliola9Raimonda Matulionyte10Department of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius University, LT-08410 Vilnius, LithuaniaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Klaipeda, LT-92888 Klaipeda, LithuaniaAdult Infectious Diseases Unit, Clinic of Conservative Medicine, Republican Siauliai County Hospital, LT-76231 Siauliai, LithuaniaCentre of Infectious Diseases, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, LT-08410 Vilnius, LithuaniaNational Public Health Surveillance Laboratory, LT-10210 Vilnius, LithuaniaDepartment of Diagnostics, University Hospital of Klaipeda, LT-92888 Klaipeda, LithuaniaFaculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, LithuaniaFaculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, LithuaniaFaculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Chest Diseases, Immunology, and Allergology, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, LithuaniaInstitut Pierre Louis Épidémiologie de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, F75013 Paris, FranceDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius University, LT-08410 Vilnius, LithuaniaBackground: People living with HIV (PLHIV) with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are at increased risk of tuberculosis (TB) reactivation compared to the HIV-negative population. Lithuania belongs to the 18 high-priority TB countries in the European region. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of LTBI and LTBI-related risk factors between PLHIV and HIV-uninfected populations. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three Lithuanian Infectious Diseases centres from August 2018 to May 2022 using the interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) and tuberculin skin test (TST) in Vilnius, and IGRA only in Siauliai and Klaipeda. Cohen’s kappa was used to assess IGRA and TST agreement. A structured questionnaire was completed by the study participants. LTBI-related risk factors were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: In total, 391 PLHIV and 443 HIV-uninfected individuals enrolled, with a median age of 41 (IQR 36–48) and 43 (IQR 36–50), consisting of 69.8% and 65.5% male, respectively. The prevalence of LTBI defined by positive IGRA and/or TST among PLHIV was higher compared to that in the HIV-uninfected population (20.5% vs. 15.3%; OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.02–2.03; <i>p</i> = 0.04). The concordance between IGRA and TST was fair: kappa = 0.23 (95% CI 0.09–0.34). In multivariable analyses, association with injecting drug use (IDU) (ORa 2.25, 95% CI 1.27–3.99, <i>p</i> = 0.01) and imprisonment (ORa 1.99, 95% CI 1.13–3.52, <i>p</i> = 0.02) in all participants, IDU (ORa 2.37, 95% CI 1.09–5.15; <i>p</i> = 0.029) in PLHIV and a history of contact with an active TB patient (ORa 3.33, 95% CI 1.53–7.24; <i>p</i> = 0.002) in HIV-uninfected individuals were significant associations evidenced by LTBI. Conclusions: The prevalence of LTBI among PLHIV in Lithuania is higher compared to that in the HIV-uninfected population and the European average. The association with IDU in PLHIV emphasizes the need for integrated HIV, TB and substance abuse treatment to provide patient-centred care.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/8/990LTBIHIVrisk factorsprevalenceTB |
| spellingShingle | Elzbieta Matulyte Zavinta Kancauskiene Aidas Kausas Jurgita Urboniene Vilnele Lipnickiene Jelena Kopeykiniene Tomas Gudaitis Sarunas Raudonis Edvardas Danila Dominique Costagliola Raimonda Matulionyte Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Associated Risk Factors among People Living with HIV and HIV-Uninfected Individuals in Lithuania Pathogens LTBI HIV risk factors prevalence TB |
| title | Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Associated Risk Factors among People Living with HIV and HIV-Uninfected Individuals in Lithuania |
| title_full | Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Associated Risk Factors among People Living with HIV and HIV-Uninfected Individuals in Lithuania |
| title_fullStr | Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Associated Risk Factors among People Living with HIV and HIV-Uninfected Individuals in Lithuania |
| title_full_unstemmed | Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Associated Risk Factors among People Living with HIV and HIV-Uninfected Individuals in Lithuania |
| title_short | Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Associated Risk Factors among People Living with HIV and HIV-Uninfected Individuals in Lithuania |
| title_sort | latent tuberculosis infection and associated risk factors among people living with hiv and hiv uninfected individuals in lithuania |
| topic | LTBI HIV risk factors prevalence TB |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/8/990 |
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