Phytobiotics with Adsorbent to Mitigate Toxicity of Multiple Mycotoxins on Health and Growth of Pigs
Phytobiotics with a mycotoxin adsorbent were used to mitigate negative effects of multiple mycotoxins in diets fed to pigs. In experiment 1, 120 pigs (11.6 kg body weight; BW) were assigned to five treatments (three pigs/pen) and fed for 28 days. Treatments were CON (control), MTD (CON + 2.5 mg/kg o...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/7/442 |
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| author | Debora Muratori Holanda Young Ihn Kim Wanpuech Parnsen Sung Woo Kim |
| author_facet | Debora Muratori Holanda Young Ihn Kim Wanpuech Parnsen Sung Woo Kim |
| author_sort | Debora Muratori Holanda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Phytobiotics with a mycotoxin adsorbent were used to mitigate negative effects of multiple mycotoxins in diets fed to pigs. In experiment 1, 120 pigs (11.6 kg body weight; BW) were assigned to five treatments (three pigs/pen) and fed for 28 days. Treatments were CON (control), MTD (CON + 2.5 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol), DP (MTD + phytobiotics at 0.1%), and DPA1 and DPA2 (MTD + phytobiotics and adsorbent at 0.1% and 0.2%, respectively). In experiment 2, 96 pigs (28.5 kg BW) were assigned to four treatments (three pigs/pen) and fed for 26 days. Treatments were CON, MTAF (CON + 0.19 mg/kg of aflatoxin and 8 mg/kg of fumonisins), AFP (MTAF + phytobiotics at 0.1%), and AFPA (MTAF + phytobiotics and adsorbent at 0.1%). Growth performance was measured weekly, and blood was sampled at the end of study to measure hepatic function and inflammatory status (TNF-α). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure. In experiment 1, pigs fed MTD, DP, DPA1, and DPA2 had smaller (<i>p</i> < 0.05) BW than CON. Pigs fed DPA2 had greater (<i>p</i> < 0.05) BW than MTD. Pigs fed DP and DPA2 tended to have lower (<i>p</i> < 0.1) serum total protein than CON. Pigs fed MTD and DPA2 tended to have higher (<i>p</i> < 0.1) alanine aminotransferase than CON. Similarly, pigs fed MTD, DP, and DPA2 tended to have higher (<i>p</i> < 0.1) urea nitrogen/creatinine than CON. In experiment 2, pigs fed MTAF, AFP, and AFPA had smaller (<i>p</i> < 0.05) BW than CON. Pigs fed MTAF, AFP, and AFPA had smaller (<i>p</i> < 0.05) ADFI than CON. Pigs fed AFPA had higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) aspartate aminotransferase than CON and MTAF. Pigs fed AFP and AFPA had higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) alanine aminotransferase than CON. Pigs fed MTAF, AFP, and AFPA had lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) urea nitrogen/creatinine than CON. Pigs fed AFPA had higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) TNF-α than CON and MTAF. In conclusion, feeding an additional 2.5 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol or 0.19 mg/kg of aflatoxin with 8 mg/kg of fumonisins reduced the growth of pigs. Deoxynivalenol compromised the hepatic function of pigs. Phytobiotics with adsorbent could partly overcome the detrimental effects of mycotoxins. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:52:09Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:52:09Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-9a8079d8f0b3425f97a60bb227a737bc2023-12-03T13:09:24ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512021-06-0113744210.3390/toxins13070442Phytobiotics with Adsorbent to Mitigate Toxicity of Multiple Mycotoxins on Health and Growth of PigsDebora Muratori Holanda0Young Ihn Kim1Wanpuech Parnsen2Sung Woo Kim3Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USAPhytobiotics with a mycotoxin adsorbent were used to mitigate negative effects of multiple mycotoxins in diets fed to pigs. In experiment 1, 120 pigs (11.6 kg body weight; BW) were assigned to five treatments (three pigs/pen) and fed for 28 days. Treatments were CON (control), MTD (CON + 2.5 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol), DP (MTD + phytobiotics at 0.1%), and DPA1 and DPA2 (MTD + phytobiotics and adsorbent at 0.1% and 0.2%, respectively). In experiment 2, 96 pigs (28.5 kg BW) were assigned to four treatments (three pigs/pen) and fed for 26 days. Treatments were CON, MTAF (CON + 0.19 mg/kg of aflatoxin and 8 mg/kg of fumonisins), AFP (MTAF + phytobiotics at 0.1%), and AFPA (MTAF + phytobiotics and adsorbent at 0.1%). Growth performance was measured weekly, and blood was sampled at the end of study to measure hepatic function and inflammatory status (TNF-α). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure. In experiment 1, pigs fed MTD, DP, DPA1, and DPA2 had smaller (<i>p</i> < 0.05) BW than CON. Pigs fed DPA2 had greater (<i>p</i> < 0.05) BW than MTD. Pigs fed DP and DPA2 tended to have lower (<i>p</i> < 0.1) serum total protein than CON. Pigs fed MTD and DPA2 tended to have higher (<i>p</i> < 0.1) alanine aminotransferase than CON. Similarly, pigs fed MTD, DP, and DPA2 tended to have higher (<i>p</i> < 0.1) urea nitrogen/creatinine than CON. In experiment 2, pigs fed MTAF, AFP, and AFPA had smaller (<i>p</i> < 0.05) BW than CON. Pigs fed MTAF, AFP, and AFPA had smaller (<i>p</i> < 0.05) ADFI than CON. Pigs fed AFPA had higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) aspartate aminotransferase than CON and MTAF. Pigs fed AFP and AFPA had higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) alanine aminotransferase than CON. Pigs fed MTAF, AFP, and AFPA had lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) urea nitrogen/creatinine than CON. Pigs fed AFPA had higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) TNF-α than CON and MTAF. In conclusion, feeding an additional 2.5 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol or 0.19 mg/kg of aflatoxin with 8 mg/kg of fumonisins reduced the growth of pigs. Deoxynivalenol compromised the hepatic function of pigs. Phytobiotics with adsorbent could partly overcome the detrimental effects of mycotoxins.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/7/442aflatoxindeoxynivalenolfumonisingrowthhealthphytobiotic |
| spellingShingle | Debora Muratori Holanda Young Ihn Kim Wanpuech Parnsen Sung Woo Kim Phytobiotics with Adsorbent to Mitigate Toxicity of Multiple Mycotoxins on Health and Growth of Pigs Toxins aflatoxin deoxynivalenol fumonisin growth health phytobiotic |
| title | Phytobiotics with Adsorbent to Mitigate Toxicity of Multiple Mycotoxins on Health and Growth of Pigs |
| title_full | Phytobiotics with Adsorbent to Mitigate Toxicity of Multiple Mycotoxins on Health and Growth of Pigs |
| title_fullStr | Phytobiotics with Adsorbent to Mitigate Toxicity of Multiple Mycotoxins on Health and Growth of Pigs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytobiotics with Adsorbent to Mitigate Toxicity of Multiple Mycotoxins on Health and Growth of Pigs |
| title_short | Phytobiotics with Adsorbent to Mitigate Toxicity of Multiple Mycotoxins on Health and Growth of Pigs |
| title_sort | phytobiotics with adsorbent to mitigate toxicity of multiple mycotoxins on health and growth of pigs |
| topic | aflatoxin deoxynivalenol fumonisin growth health phytobiotic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/7/442 |
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