Established risk factors account for most of the racial differences in cardiovascular disease mortality.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality varies across racial and ethnic groups in the U.S., and the extent that known risk factors can explain the differences has not been extensively explored.We examined the risk of dying from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and other heart disease (OHD) among 139...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2007-04-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC1847707?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1819066284442124288 |
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| author | Sean O Henderson Christopher A Haiman Lynne R Wilkens Laurence N Kolonel Peggy Wan Malcolm C Pike |
| author_facet | Sean O Henderson Christopher A Haiman Lynne R Wilkens Laurence N Kolonel Peggy Wan Malcolm C Pike |
| author_sort | Sean O Henderson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality varies across racial and ethnic groups in the U.S., and the extent that known risk factors can explain the differences has not been extensively explored.We examined the risk of dying from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and other heart disease (OHD) among 139,406 African-American (AA), Native Hawaiian (NH), Japanese-American (JA), Latino and White men and women initially free from cardiovascular disease followed prospectively between 1993-1996 and 2003 in the Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC). During this period, 946 deaths from AMI and 2,323 deaths from OHD were observed. Relative risks of AMI and OHD mortality were calculated accounting for established CVD risk factors: body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes, smoking, alcohol consumption, amount of vigorous physical activity, educational level, diet and, for women, type and age at menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use.Established CVD risk factors explained much of the observed racial and ethnic differences in risk of AMI and OHD mortality. After adjustment, NH men and women had greater risks of OHD than Whites (69% excess, P<0.001 and 62% excess, P = 0.003, respectively), and AA women had greater risks of AMI (48% excess, P = 0.01) and OHD (35% excess, P = 0.007). JA men had lower risks of AMI (51% deficit, P<0.001) and OHD (27% deficit, P = 0.001), as did JA women (AMI, 37% deficit, P = 0.03; OHD, 40% deficit, P = 0.001). Latinos had underlying lower risk of AMI death (26% deficit in men and 35% in women, P = 0.03).Known risk factors explain the majority of racial and ethnic differences in mortality due to AMI and OHD. The unexplained excess in NH and AA and the deficits in JA suggest the presence of unmeasured determinants for cardiovascular mortality that are distributed unequally across these populations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T15:59:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9a8a8935c6794478868501eba6298b0a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T15:59:55Z |
| publishDate | 2007-04-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-9a8a8935c6794478868501eba6298b0a2022-12-21T18:58:00ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032007-04-0124e37710.1371/journal.pone.0000377Established risk factors account for most of the racial differences in cardiovascular disease mortality.Sean O HendersonChristopher A HaimanLynne R WilkensLaurence N KolonelPeggy WanMalcolm C PikeCardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality varies across racial and ethnic groups in the U.S., and the extent that known risk factors can explain the differences has not been extensively explored.We examined the risk of dying from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and other heart disease (OHD) among 139,406 African-American (AA), Native Hawaiian (NH), Japanese-American (JA), Latino and White men and women initially free from cardiovascular disease followed prospectively between 1993-1996 and 2003 in the Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC). During this period, 946 deaths from AMI and 2,323 deaths from OHD were observed. Relative risks of AMI and OHD mortality were calculated accounting for established CVD risk factors: body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes, smoking, alcohol consumption, amount of vigorous physical activity, educational level, diet and, for women, type and age at menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use.Established CVD risk factors explained much of the observed racial and ethnic differences in risk of AMI and OHD mortality. After adjustment, NH men and women had greater risks of OHD than Whites (69% excess, P<0.001 and 62% excess, P = 0.003, respectively), and AA women had greater risks of AMI (48% excess, P = 0.01) and OHD (35% excess, P = 0.007). JA men had lower risks of AMI (51% deficit, P<0.001) and OHD (27% deficit, P = 0.001), as did JA women (AMI, 37% deficit, P = 0.03; OHD, 40% deficit, P = 0.001). Latinos had underlying lower risk of AMI death (26% deficit in men and 35% in women, P = 0.03).Known risk factors explain the majority of racial and ethnic differences in mortality due to AMI and OHD. The unexplained excess in NH and AA and the deficits in JA suggest the presence of unmeasured determinants for cardiovascular mortality that are distributed unequally across these populations.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC1847707?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Sean O Henderson Christopher A Haiman Lynne R Wilkens Laurence N Kolonel Peggy Wan Malcolm C Pike Established risk factors account for most of the racial differences in cardiovascular disease mortality. PLoS ONE |
| title | Established risk factors account for most of the racial differences in cardiovascular disease mortality. |
| title_full | Established risk factors account for most of the racial differences in cardiovascular disease mortality. |
| title_fullStr | Established risk factors account for most of the racial differences in cardiovascular disease mortality. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Established risk factors account for most of the racial differences in cardiovascular disease mortality. |
| title_short | Established risk factors account for most of the racial differences in cardiovascular disease mortality. |
| title_sort | established risk factors account for most of the racial differences in cardiovascular disease mortality |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC1847707?pdf=render |
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