The Orchard Architecture Dedicated for Mechanical Harvesting of Dessert Plums and Prunes
Two plum cultivars ‘Record’ and ‘Empress’ and one prune cultivar ‘Common Prune’ were planted in spring 2014, spaced at 4.5 × 1.5 × 2.0 m, to be trained to the “Y”- and “V”-trellising systems for mechanical harvesting of dessert fruits with a canopy-contact harvester. The applied trellising systems w...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Sciendo
2019-06-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Horticultural Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2019-0001 |
| _version_ | 1818343337560637440 |
|---|---|
| author | Mika Augustyn Buler Zbigniew Rabcewicz Jacek Białkowski Paweł Konopacka Dorota |
| author_facet | Mika Augustyn Buler Zbigniew Rabcewicz Jacek Białkowski Paweł Konopacka Dorota |
| author_sort | Mika Augustyn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Two plum cultivars ‘Record’ and ‘Empress’ and one prune cultivar ‘Common Prune’ were planted in spring 2014, spaced at 4.5 × 1.5 × 2.0 m, to be trained to the “Y”- and “V”-trellising systems for mechanical harvesting of dessert fruits with a canopy-contact harvester. The applied trellising systems were compared with the standard central leader system at the same spacing. Trellised trees showed a tendency to grow less well than leader-trained trees, but during the four years of training, they created a higher canopy volume than the control trees because of their spreading form. Trellised trees were able to give yields comparable to those of standard trees. Light distribution within the tree canopy was acceptable in all the training systems. After 4 years of training, the trees were suitable for mechanical harvesting. The effectiveness of mechanical harvesting varied from 85% to 90%. The quality of the fruits harvested with a canopy-contact harvester was comparable to that of manually picked fruits. The consumption of quality of fruits after mechanical harvesting rated on a 5-grade scale was 0.5 grade lower than that of manually harvested fruits. These fruits were acceptable in the local fruit market. Mechanical harvesting was 10–30 times faster compared to manual picking. The cost of the trellising system calculated per 1 ha was 2.0 times higher than that of the standard system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T16:28:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9a8fa86bad6e44b5a33347fe5fc0b4c5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2300-5009 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T16:28:59Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | Sciendo |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Horticultural Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-9a8fa86bad6e44b5a33347fe5fc0b4c52022-12-21T23:38:33ZengSciendoJournal of Horticultural Research2300-50092019-06-0127111010.2478/johr-2019-0001The Orchard Architecture Dedicated for Mechanical Harvesting of Dessert Plums and PrunesMika Augustyn0Buler Zbigniew1Rabcewicz Jacek2Białkowski Paweł3Konopacka Dorota4Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100, Skierniewice, PolandResearch Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100, Skierniewice, PolandResearch Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100, Skierniewice, PolandResearch Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100, Skierniewice, PolandResearch Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100, Skierniewice, PolandTwo plum cultivars ‘Record’ and ‘Empress’ and one prune cultivar ‘Common Prune’ were planted in spring 2014, spaced at 4.5 × 1.5 × 2.0 m, to be trained to the “Y”- and “V”-trellising systems for mechanical harvesting of dessert fruits with a canopy-contact harvester. The applied trellising systems were compared with the standard central leader system at the same spacing. Trellised trees showed a tendency to grow less well than leader-trained trees, but during the four years of training, they created a higher canopy volume than the control trees because of their spreading form. Trellised trees were able to give yields comparable to those of standard trees. Light distribution within the tree canopy was acceptable in all the training systems. After 4 years of training, the trees were suitable for mechanical harvesting. The effectiveness of mechanical harvesting varied from 85% to 90%. The quality of the fruits harvested with a canopy-contact harvester was comparable to that of manually picked fruits. The consumption of quality of fruits after mechanical harvesting rated on a 5-grade scale was 0.5 grade lower than that of manually harvested fruits. These fruits were acceptable in the local fruit market. Mechanical harvesting was 10–30 times faster compared to manual picking. The cost of the trellising system calculated per 1 ha was 2.0 times higher than that of the standard system.https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2019-0001fruit harvestingstone fruitstrellising systemsillumination |
| spellingShingle | Mika Augustyn Buler Zbigniew Rabcewicz Jacek Białkowski Paweł Konopacka Dorota The Orchard Architecture Dedicated for Mechanical Harvesting of Dessert Plums and Prunes Journal of Horticultural Research fruit harvesting stone fruits trellising systems illumination |
| title | The Orchard Architecture Dedicated for Mechanical Harvesting of Dessert Plums and Prunes |
| title_full | The Orchard Architecture Dedicated for Mechanical Harvesting of Dessert Plums and Prunes |
| title_fullStr | The Orchard Architecture Dedicated for Mechanical Harvesting of Dessert Plums and Prunes |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Orchard Architecture Dedicated for Mechanical Harvesting of Dessert Plums and Prunes |
| title_short | The Orchard Architecture Dedicated for Mechanical Harvesting of Dessert Plums and Prunes |
| title_sort | orchard architecture dedicated for mechanical harvesting of dessert plums and prunes |
| topic | fruit harvesting stone fruits trellising systems illumination |
| url | https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2019-0001 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mikaaugustyn theorchardarchitecturededicatedformechanicalharvestingofdessertplumsandprunes AT bulerzbigniew theorchardarchitecturededicatedformechanicalharvestingofdessertplumsandprunes AT rabcewiczjacek theorchardarchitecturededicatedformechanicalharvestingofdessertplumsandprunes AT białkowskipaweł theorchardarchitecturededicatedformechanicalharvestingofdessertplumsandprunes AT konopackadorota theorchardarchitecturededicatedformechanicalharvestingofdessertplumsandprunes AT mikaaugustyn orchardarchitecturededicatedformechanicalharvestingofdessertplumsandprunes AT bulerzbigniew orchardarchitecturededicatedformechanicalharvestingofdessertplumsandprunes AT rabcewiczjacek orchardarchitecturededicatedformechanicalharvestingofdessertplumsandprunes AT białkowskipaweł orchardarchitecturededicatedformechanicalharvestingofdessertplumsandprunes AT konopackadorota orchardarchitecturededicatedformechanicalharvestingofdessertplumsandprunes |