Host strain specific sex pheromone variation in <it>Spodoptera frugiperda</it>
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The fall armyworm <it>Spodoptera frugiperda </it>(Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) consists of two distinct strains with different host plant preferences for corn and rice. To assess whether pheromonal-mediated behavioral isolatio...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2008-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Zoology |
| Online Access: | http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/5/1/20 |
| _version_ | 1818939118472658944 |
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| author | Svatos Ales Lorenz Sybille Schöfl Gerhard Marr Melanie Groot Astrid T Heckel David G |
| author_facet | Svatos Ales Lorenz Sybille Schöfl Gerhard Marr Melanie Groot Astrid T Heckel David G |
| author_sort | Svatos Ales |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The fall armyworm <it>Spodoptera frugiperda </it>(Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) consists of two distinct strains with different host plant preferences for corn and rice. To assess whether pheromonal-mediated behavioral isolation accompanies the habitat isolation on different host plants, we compared the sex pheromone composition among females of the two strains. Pheromone glands were extracted with or without injection of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN). To assess the mode of inheritance of this variation, we also analyzed the pheromone composition of F<sub>1 </sub>hybrid females.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Relative to intra-strain variation, the pheromone composition of the two strains differed significantly. Corn strain females contained significantly more of the second most abundant pheromone compound Z11-16:Ac (m), and significantly less of most other compounds, than rice strain females. When females were injected with PBAN before their glands were extracted, the differences between the strains were less pronounced but still statistically significant. The pheromone composition of hybrid females showed a maternal inheritance of the major component Z9-14:Ac (M) as well as of Z11-16:Ac (m). Most other compounds showed an inheritance indicating genetic dominance of the corn strain. The within-strain phenotypic correlations among the various components were consistent with their hypothesized biosynthetic pathway, and between-strain differences in the correlation structure suggested candidate genes that may explain the pheromone differences between the two strains. These include Δ9- and Δ11 desaturases, and possibly also a Δ7-desaturase, although the latter has not been identified in insects so far.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The two host strains of <it>S. frugiperda </it>produce systematically differing female sex pheromone blends. Previously-documented geographic variation in the sexual communication of this species did not take strain identity into account, and thus may be partly explained by different strain occurrence in different regions. The finding of pheromone differences reinforces the possibility of incipient reproductive isolation among these strains, previously shown to differ in the timing of nocturnal mating activity and host plant use. Finding the genetic basis of the pheromone differences, as well as these other biological traits, will help to elucidate the role of premating isolation in the continuing differentiation of these two strains that may eventually lead to speciation.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T06:18:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9a913bf7a2c24ef5b8f55676e1d6958c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1742-9994 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T06:18:40Z |
| publishDate | 2008-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Zoology |
| spelling | doaj.art-9a913bf7a2c24ef5b8f55676e1d6958c2022-12-21T19:50:29ZengBMCFrontiers in Zoology1742-99942008-12-01512010.1186/1742-9994-5-20Host strain specific sex pheromone variation in <it>Spodoptera frugiperda</it>Svatos AlesLorenz SybilleSchöfl GerhardMarr MelanieGroot Astrid THeckel David G<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The fall armyworm <it>Spodoptera frugiperda </it>(Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) consists of two distinct strains with different host plant preferences for corn and rice. To assess whether pheromonal-mediated behavioral isolation accompanies the habitat isolation on different host plants, we compared the sex pheromone composition among females of the two strains. Pheromone glands were extracted with or without injection of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN). To assess the mode of inheritance of this variation, we also analyzed the pheromone composition of F<sub>1 </sub>hybrid females.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Relative to intra-strain variation, the pheromone composition of the two strains differed significantly. Corn strain females contained significantly more of the second most abundant pheromone compound Z11-16:Ac (m), and significantly less of most other compounds, than rice strain females. When females were injected with PBAN before their glands were extracted, the differences between the strains were less pronounced but still statistically significant. The pheromone composition of hybrid females showed a maternal inheritance of the major component Z9-14:Ac (M) as well as of Z11-16:Ac (m). Most other compounds showed an inheritance indicating genetic dominance of the corn strain. The within-strain phenotypic correlations among the various components were consistent with their hypothesized biosynthetic pathway, and between-strain differences in the correlation structure suggested candidate genes that may explain the pheromone differences between the two strains. These include Δ9- and Δ11 desaturases, and possibly also a Δ7-desaturase, although the latter has not been identified in insects so far.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The two host strains of <it>S. frugiperda </it>produce systematically differing female sex pheromone blends. Previously-documented geographic variation in the sexual communication of this species did not take strain identity into account, and thus may be partly explained by different strain occurrence in different regions. The finding of pheromone differences reinforces the possibility of incipient reproductive isolation among these strains, previously shown to differ in the timing of nocturnal mating activity and host plant use. Finding the genetic basis of the pheromone differences, as well as these other biological traits, will help to elucidate the role of premating isolation in the continuing differentiation of these two strains that may eventually lead to speciation.</p>http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/5/1/20 |
| spellingShingle | Svatos Ales Lorenz Sybille Schöfl Gerhard Marr Melanie Groot Astrid T Heckel David G Host strain specific sex pheromone variation in <it>Spodoptera frugiperda</it> Frontiers in Zoology |
| title | Host strain specific sex pheromone variation in <it>Spodoptera frugiperda</it> |
| title_full | Host strain specific sex pheromone variation in <it>Spodoptera frugiperda</it> |
| title_fullStr | Host strain specific sex pheromone variation in <it>Spodoptera frugiperda</it> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Host strain specific sex pheromone variation in <it>Spodoptera frugiperda</it> |
| title_short | Host strain specific sex pheromone variation in <it>Spodoptera frugiperda</it> |
| title_sort | host strain specific sex pheromone variation in it spodoptera frugiperda it |
| url | http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/5/1/20 |
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