The protective role of phlorizin against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute orchitis in mice associated with changes in gut microbiota composition
ObjectiveOrchitis is a common reproductive disease of male animals, which has serious implications to human and animal reproduction. Additionally, phlorizin (PHN), a common polyphenol in apples and strawberries, has a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-d...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-02-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1340591/full |
| _version_ | 1797323693775388672 |
|---|---|
| author | Qing Guo Qing Guo Tian-Feng Li Jiang Huang Jing-Chun Li Jing-Chun Li Ze-Cai Zhang Yong-Li Qu Yong-Li Qu |
| author_facet | Qing Guo Qing Guo Tian-Feng Li Jiang Huang Jing-Chun Li Jing-Chun Li Ze-Cai Zhang Yong-Li Qu Yong-Li Qu |
| author_sort | Qing Guo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectiveOrchitis is a common reproductive disease of male animals, which has serious implications to human and animal reproduction. Additionally, phlorizin (PHN), a common polyphenol in apples and strawberries, has a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-aging activities. We aimed to determine the protective effects and potential mechanisms of PHN in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute orchitis in mice.MethodAfter 21 days of PHN pretreatment, mice were injected with LPS to induce testicular inflammation, and then the changes of testicular tissue structure, expression of inflammatory factors, testosterone level, expression of testosterone-related genes, adhesion gene and protein expression were detected, and the structural changes in the intestinal flora after PHN treatment were further detected by 16SRNA.ResultOur results demonstrated that PHN treatment reduced LPS-induced testicular injury and body and testicular weight losses. The mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines-related genes and antioxidant enzyme activity were also decreased and elevated, respectively, by PHN administration; however, PHN treatment also reduced the LPS-induced decrease in testosterone levels in the testes. Additionally, further studies found that PHN increased the expression of marker proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin associated with the blood testosterone barrier compared with that in LPS treatment groups. To further examine the potential mechanisms of the protective effect of PHN on LPS-induced testicular injury, we compared the differences of gut microbiota compositions between the 100 mg/kg PHN treatment group and the control group using 16SRNA. Metagenomic analyses indicated that the abundances of Bacteroidetes, Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillaceae, uncultured bacterium f Muribaculaceae, and Lactobacillus in the PHN treatment group improved, while potential microbes that can induce intestinal diseases, including Verrucomicrobia, Epsilonbacteraeota, Akkermansiaceae, and Akkermansia decreased in the PHN treatment group.ConclusionOur results indicate that PHN pretreatment might alleviate orchitis by altering the composition of gut microflora, which may provide a reference for reducing the occurrence of acute orchitis in male animals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:32:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9a922aa6e0774e69995087eb8eda44c3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:32:13Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-9a922aa6e0774e69995087eb8eda44c32024-02-06T04:40:27ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692024-02-011110.3389/fvets.2024.13405911340591The protective role of phlorizin against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute orchitis in mice associated with changes in gut microbiota compositionQing Guo0Qing Guo1Tian-Feng Li2Jiang Huang3Jing-Chun Li4Jing-Chun Li5Ze-Cai Zhang6Yong-Li Qu7Yong-Li Qu8College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, ChinaHeilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, ChinaHeilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, ChinaHeilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, ChinaHeilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, ChinaObjectiveOrchitis is a common reproductive disease of male animals, which has serious implications to human and animal reproduction. Additionally, phlorizin (PHN), a common polyphenol in apples and strawberries, has a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-aging activities. We aimed to determine the protective effects and potential mechanisms of PHN in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute orchitis in mice.MethodAfter 21 days of PHN pretreatment, mice were injected with LPS to induce testicular inflammation, and then the changes of testicular tissue structure, expression of inflammatory factors, testosterone level, expression of testosterone-related genes, adhesion gene and protein expression were detected, and the structural changes in the intestinal flora after PHN treatment were further detected by 16SRNA.ResultOur results demonstrated that PHN treatment reduced LPS-induced testicular injury and body and testicular weight losses. The mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines-related genes and antioxidant enzyme activity were also decreased and elevated, respectively, by PHN administration; however, PHN treatment also reduced the LPS-induced decrease in testosterone levels in the testes. Additionally, further studies found that PHN increased the expression of marker proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin associated with the blood testosterone barrier compared with that in LPS treatment groups. To further examine the potential mechanisms of the protective effect of PHN on LPS-induced testicular injury, we compared the differences of gut microbiota compositions between the 100 mg/kg PHN treatment group and the control group using 16SRNA. Metagenomic analyses indicated that the abundances of Bacteroidetes, Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillaceae, uncultured bacterium f Muribaculaceae, and Lactobacillus in the PHN treatment group improved, while potential microbes that can induce intestinal diseases, including Verrucomicrobia, Epsilonbacteraeota, Akkermansiaceae, and Akkermansia decreased in the PHN treatment group.ConclusionOur results indicate that PHN pretreatment might alleviate orchitis by altering the composition of gut microflora, which may provide a reference for reducing the occurrence of acute orchitis in male animals.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1340591/fullphlorizinorchitisblood testosterone barriertestosteronegut microbiota |
| spellingShingle | Qing Guo Qing Guo Tian-Feng Li Jiang Huang Jing-Chun Li Jing-Chun Li Ze-Cai Zhang Yong-Li Qu Yong-Li Qu The protective role of phlorizin against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute orchitis in mice associated with changes in gut microbiota composition Frontiers in Veterinary Science phlorizin orchitis blood testosterone barrier testosterone gut microbiota |
| title | The protective role of phlorizin against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute orchitis in mice associated with changes in gut microbiota composition |
| title_full | The protective role of phlorizin against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute orchitis in mice associated with changes in gut microbiota composition |
| title_fullStr | The protective role of phlorizin against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute orchitis in mice associated with changes in gut microbiota composition |
| title_full_unstemmed | The protective role of phlorizin against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute orchitis in mice associated with changes in gut microbiota composition |
| title_short | The protective role of phlorizin against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute orchitis in mice associated with changes in gut microbiota composition |
| title_sort | protective role of phlorizin against lipopolysaccharide induced acute orchitis in mice associated with changes in gut microbiota composition |
| topic | phlorizin orchitis blood testosterone barrier testosterone gut microbiota |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1340591/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT qingguo theprotectiveroleofphlorizinagainstlipopolysaccharideinducedacuteorchitisinmiceassociatedwithchangesingutmicrobiotacomposition AT qingguo theprotectiveroleofphlorizinagainstlipopolysaccharideinducedacuteorchitisinmiceassociatedwithchangesingutmicrobiotacomposition AT tianfengli theprotectiveroleofphlorizinagainstlipopolysaccharideinducedacuteorchitisinmiceassociatedwithchangesingutmicrobiotacomposition AT jianghuang theprotectiveroleofphlorizinagainstlipopolysaccharideinducedacuteorchitisinmiceassociatedwithchangesingutmicrobiotacomposition AT jingchunli theprotectiveroleofphlorizinagainstlipopolysaccharideinducedacuteorchitisinmiceassociatedwithchangesingutmicrobiotacomposition AT jingchunli theprotectiveroleofphlorizinagainstlipopolysaccharideinducedacuteorchitisinmiceassociatedwithchangesingutmicrobiotacomposition AT zecaizhang theprotectiveroleofphlorizinagainstlipopolysaccharideinducedacuteorchitisinmiceassociatedwithchangesingutmicrobiotacomposition AT yongliqu theprotectiveroleofphlorizinagainstlipopolysaccharideinducedacuteorchitisinmiceassociatedwithchangesingutmicrobiotacomposition AT yongliqu theprotectiveroleofphlorizinagainstlipopolysaccharideinducedacuteorchitisinmiceassociatedwithchangesingutmicrobiotacomposition AT qingguo protectiveroleofphlorizinagainstlipopolysaccharideinducedacuteorchitisinmiceassociatedwithchangesingutmicrobiotacomposition AT qingguo protectiveroleofphlorizinagainstlipopolysaccharideinducedacuteorchitisinmiceassociatedwithchangesingutmicrobiotacomposition AT tianfengli protectiveroleofphlorizinagainstlipopolysaccharideinducedacuteorchitisinmiceassociatedwithchangesingutmicrobiotacomposition AT jianghuang protectiveroleofphlorizinagainstlipopolysaccharideinducedacuteorchitisinmiceassociatedwithchangesingutmicrobiotacomposition AT jingchunli protectiveroleofphlorizinagainstlipopolysaccharideinducedacuteorchitisinmiceassociatedwithchangesingutmicrobiotacomposition AT jingchunli protectiveroleofphlorizinagainstlipopolysaccharideinducedacuteorchitisinmiceassociatedwithchangesingutmicrobiotacomposition AT zecaizhang protectiveroleofphlorizinagainstlipopolysaccharideinducedacuteorchitisinmiceassociatedwithchangesingutmicrobiotacomposition AT yongliqu protectiveroleofphlorizinagainstlipopolysaccharideinducedacuteorchitisinmiceassociatedwithchangesingutmicrobiotacomposition AT yongliqu protectiveroleofphlorizinagainstlipopolysaccharideinducedacuteorchitisinmiceassociatedwithchangesingutmicrobiotacomposition |