Explorative Data Analysis Methods: Application to Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Field Data Measured on the Island of Vulcano, Italy
One of the strengths of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is that a large amount of data can be measured relatively easily in a short time, which makes LIBS interesting in many areas, from geomaterial analysis with portable handheld instruments to applications for the exploration of planet...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| author | Kristin Rammelkamp Susanne Schröder Alessandro Pisello Gianluigi Ortenzi Frank Sohl Vikram Unnithan |
| author_facet | Kristin Rammelkamp Susanne Schröder Alessandro Pisello Gianluigi Ortenzi Frank Sohl Vikram Unnithan |
| author_sort | Kristin Rammelkamp |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | One of the strengths of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is that a large amount of data can be measured relatively easily in a short time, which makes LIBS interesting in many areas, from geomaterial analysis with portable handheld instruments to applications for the exploration of planetary surfaces. Statistical methods, therefore, play an important role in analyzing the data to detect not only individual compositions but also trends and correlations. In this study, we apply two approaches to explore the LIBS data of geomaterials measured with a handheld device at different locations on the Aeolian island of Vulcano, Italy. First, we use the established method, principal component analysis (PCA), and second we adopt the principle of the interesting features finder (IFF), which was recently proposed for the analysis of LIBS imaging data. With this method it is possible to identify spectra that contain emission lines of minor and trace elements that often remain undetected with variance-based methods, such as PCA. We could not detect any spectra with IFF that were not detected with PCA when applying both methods to our LIBS field data. The reason for this may be the nature of our field data, which are subject to more experimental changes than data measured in laboratory settings, such as LIBS imaging data, for which the IFF was introduced first. In conclusion, however, we found that the two approaches complement each other well, making the exploration of the data more intuitive, straightforward, and efficient. |
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| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:28:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-9a9324de627c40b3a7d2f49c186e7cd02023-11-18T17:32:09ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-07-012313620810.3390/s23136208Explorative Data Analysis Methods: Application to Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Field Data Measured on the Island of Vulcano, ItalyKristin Rammelkamp0Susanne Schröder1Alessandro Pisello2Gianluigi Ortenzi3Frank Sohl4Vikram Unnithan5Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Institut für Optische Sensorsysteme, 12489 Berlin, GermanyDeutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Institut für Optische Sensorsysteme, 12489 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, ItalyDeutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Institut für Planetenforschung, 12489 Berlin, GermanyDeutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Institut für Planetenforschung, 12489 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Physics and Earth Sciences, Constructor University, 28759 Bremen, GermanyOne of the strengths of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is that a large amount of data can be measured relatively easily in a short time, which makes LIBS interesting in many areas, from geomaterial analysis with portable handheld instruments to applications for the exploration of planetary surfaces. Statistical methods, therefore, play an important role in analyzing the data to detect not only individual compositions but also trends and correlations. In this study, we apply two approaches to explore the LIBS data of geomaterials measured with a handheld device at different locations on the Aeolian island of Vulcano, Italy. First, we use the established method, principal component analysis (PCA), and second we adopt the principle of the interesting features finder (IFF), which was recently proposed for the analysis of LIBS imaging data. With this method it is possible to identify spectra that contain emission lines of minor and trace elements that often remain undetected with variance-based methods, such as PCA. We could not detect any spectra with IFF that were not detected with PCA when applying both methods to our LIBS field data. The reason for this may be the nature of our field data, which are subject to more experimental changes than data measured in laboratory settings, such as LIBS imaging data, for which the IFF was introduced first. In conclusion, however, we found that the two approaches complement each other well, making the exploration of the data more intuitive, straightforward, and efficient.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/6208laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)data explorationfield workplanetary analogue siteAeolian island Vulcanoelemental analysis |
| spellingShingle | Kristin Rammelkamp Susanne Schröder Alessandro Pisello Gianluigi Ortenzi Frank Sohl Vikram Unnithan Explorative Data Analysis Methods: Application to Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Field Data Measured on the Island of Vulcano, Italy Sensors laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) data exploration field work planetary analogue site Aeolian island Vulcano elemental analysis |
| title | Explorative Data Analysis Methods: Application to Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Field Data Measured on the Island of Vulcano, Italy |
| title_full | Explorative Data Analysis Methods: Application to Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Field Data Measured on the Island of Vulcano, Italy |
| title_fullStr | Explorative Data Analysis Methods: Application to Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Field Data Measured on the Island of Vulcano, Italy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Explorative Data Analysis Methods: Application to Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Field Data Measured on the Island of Vulcano, Italy |
| title_short | Explorative Data Analysis Methods: Application to Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Field Data Measured on the Island of Vulcano, Italy |
| title_sort | explorative data analysis methods application to laser induced breakdown spectroscopy field data measured on the island of vulcano italy |
| topic | laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) data exploration field work planetary analogue site Aeolian island Vulcano elemental analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/6208 |
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