A critical overview of current progress for COVID-19: development of vaccines, antiviral drugs, and therapeutic antibodies
Abstract The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic remains a global public health crisis, presenting a broad range of challenges. To help address some of the main problems, the scientific community has designed vaccines, diagnostic tools and therapeutics for severe acute respiratory syndrome...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Biomedical Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-022-00852-9 |
| _version_ | 1811267702194438144 |
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| author | Monika Kumari Ruei-Min Lu Mu-Chun Li Jhih-Liang Huang Fu-Fei Hsu Shih-Han Ko Feng-Yi Ke Shih-Chieh Su Kang-Hao Liang Joyce Pei-Yi Yuan Hsiao-Ling Chiang Cheng-Pu Sun I.-Jung Lee Wen-Shan Li Hsing-Pang Hsieh Mi-Hua Tao Han-Chung Wu |
| author_facet | Monika Kumari Ruei-Min Lu Mu-Chun Li Jhih-Liang Huang Fu-Fei Hsu Shih-Han Ko Feng-Yi Ke Shih-Chieh Su Kang-Hao Liang Joyce Pei-Yi Yuan Hsiao-Ling Chiang Cheng-Pu Sun I.-Jung Lee Wen-Shan Li Hsing-Pang Hsieh Mi-Hua Tao Han-Chung Wu |
| author_sort | Monika Kumari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic remains a global public health crisis, presenting a broad range of challenges. To help address some of the main problems, the scientific community has designed vaccines, diagnostic tools and therapeutics for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The rapid pace of technology development, especially with regard to vaccines, represents a stunning and historic scientific achievement. Nevertheless, many challenges remain to be overcome, such as improving vaccine and drug treatment efficacies for emergent mutant strains of SARS-CoV-2. Outbreaks of more infectious variants continue to diminish the utility of available vaccines and drugs. Thus, the effectiveness of vaccines and drugs against the most current variants is a primary consideration in the continual analyses of clinical data that supports updated regulatory decisions. The first two vaccines granted Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs), BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273, still show more than 60% protection efficacy against the most widespread current SARS-CoV-2 variant, Omicron. This variant carries more than 30 mutations in the spike protein, which has largely abrogated the neutralizing effects of therapeutic antibodies. Fortunately, some neutralizing antibodies and antiviral COVID-19 drugs treatments have shown continued clinical benefits. In this review, we provide a framework for understanding the ongoing development efforts for different types of vaccines and therapeutics, including small molecule and antibody drugs. The ripple effects of newly emergent variants, including updates to vaccines and drug repurposing efforts, are summarized. In addition, we summarize the clinical trials supporting the development and distribution of vaccines, small molecule drugs, and therapeutic antibodies with broad-spectrum activity against SARS-CoV-2 strains. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T21:07:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9a93756b00b0490bb00e0eec9b582f4f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1423-0127 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T21:07:28Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Biomedical Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-9a93756b00b0490bb00e0eec9b582f4f2022-12-22T03:16:40ZengBMCJournal of Biomedical Science1423-01272022-09-0129113610.1186/s12929-022-00852-9A critical overview of current progress for COVID-19: development of vaccines, antiviral drugs, and therapeutic antibodiesMonika Kumari0Ruei-Min Lu1Mu-Chun Li2Jhih-Liang Huang3Fu-Fei Hsu4Shih-Han Ko5Feng-Yi Ke6Shih-Chieh Su7Kang-Hao Liang8Joyce Pei-Yi Yuan9Hsiao-Ling Chiang10Cheng-Pu Sun11I.-Jung Lee12Wen-Shan Li13Hsing-Pang Hsieh14Mi-Hua Tao15Han-Chung Wu16Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia SinicaBiomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia SinicaBiomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia SinicaBiomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia SinicaBiomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia SinicaBiomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia SinicaBiomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia SinicaInstitute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia SinicaBiomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia SinicaBiomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia SinicaBiomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia SinicaBiomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia SinicaBiomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia SinicaBiomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia SinicaBiomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia SinicaBiomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia SinicaBiomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia SinicaAbstract The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic remains a global public health crisis, presenting a broad range of challenges. To help address some of the main problems, the scientific community has designed vaccines, diagnostic tools and therapeutics for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The rapid pace of technology development, especially with regard to vaccines, represents a stunning and historic scientific achievement. Nevertheless, many challenges remain to be overcome, such as improving vaccine and drug treatment efficacies for emergent mutant strains of SARS-CoV-2. Outbreaks of more infectious variants continue to diminish the utility of available vaccines and drugs. Thus, the effectiveness of vaccines and drugs against the most current variants is a primary consideration in the continual analyses of clinical data that supports updated regulatory decisions. The first two vaccines granted Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs), BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273, still show more than 60% protection efficacy against the most widespread current SARS-CoV-2 variant, Omicron. This variant carries more than 30 mutations in the spike protein, which has largely abrogated the neutralizing effects of therapeutic antibodies. Fortunately, some neutralizing antibodies and antiviral COVID-19 drugs treatments have shown continued clinical benefits. In this review, we provide a framework for understanding the ongoing development efforts for different types of vaccines and therapeutics, including small molecule and antibody drugs. The ripple effects of newly emergent variants, including updates to vaccines and drug repurposing efforts, are summarized. In addition, we summarize the clinical trials supporting the development and distribution of vaccines, small molecule drugs, and therapeutic antibodies with broad-spectrum activity against SARS-CoV-2 strains.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-022-00852-9COVID-19SARS-CoV-2TherapeuticsmRNA vaccinesSmall molecule antiviral drugsNeutralizing antibodies |
| spellingShingle | Monika Kumari Ruei-Min Lu Mu-Chun Li Jhih-Liang Huang Fu-Fei Hsu Shih-Han Ko Feng-Yi Ke Shih-Chieh Su Kang-Hao Liang Joyce Pei-Yi Yuan Hsiao-Ling Chiang Cheng-Pu Sun I.-Jung Lee Wen-Shan Li Hsing-Pang Hsieh Mi-Hua Tao Han-Chung Wu A critical overview of current progress for COVID-19: development of vaccines, antiviral drugs, and therapeutic antibodies Journal of Biomedical Science COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutics mRNA vaccines Small molecule antiviral drugs Neutralizing antibodies |
| title | A critical overview of current progress for COVID-19: development of vaccines, antiviral drugs, and therapeutic antibodies |
| title_full | A critical overview of current progress for COVID-19: development of vaccines, antiviral drugs, and therapeutic antibodies |
| title_fullStr | A critical overview of current progress for COVID-19: development of vaccines, antiviral drugs, and therapeutic antibodies |
| title_full_unstemmed | A critical overview of current progress for COVID-19: development of vaccines, antiviral drugs, and therapeutic antibodies |
| title_short | A critical overview of current progress for COVID-19: development of vaccines, antiviral drugs, and therapeutic antibodies |
| title_sort | critical overview of current progress for covid 19 development of vaccines antiviral drugs and therapeutic antibodies |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutics mRNA vaccines Small molecule antiviral drugs Neutralizing antibodies |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-022-00852-9 |
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