The Pattern of Blood–Milk Exchange for Antiparasitic Drugs in Dairy Ruminants
The prolonged persistence of milk residual concentration of different antiparasitic drugs in lactating dairy animals should be considered before recommending their use (label or extra-label) for parasite control in dairy animals. The partition blood-to-milk ratio for different antiparasitic compound...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/10/2758 |
| _version_ | 1797515585698922496 |
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| author | Fernanda Imperiale Carlos Lanusse |
| author_facet | Fernanda Imperiale Carlos Lanusse |
| author_sort | Fernanda Imperiale |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The prolonged persistence of milk residual concentration of different antiparasitic drugs in lactating dairy animals should be considered before recommending their use (label or extra-label) for parasite control in dairy animals. The partition blood-to-milk ratio for different antiparasitic compounds depends on their ability to diffuse across the mammary gland epithelium. The high lipophilicity of some of the most widely used antiparasitic drugs explains their high partition into milk and the extended persistence of high residual concentrations in milk after treatment. Most of the antiparasitic drug compounds studied were shown to be stable in various milk-related industrial processes. Thus, the levels of residues detected in raw milk can be directly applicable to estimating consumer exposure and dietary intake calculations when consuming heat-processed fluid milk. However, after milk is processed to obtain milk products such as cheese, yogurt, ricotta, and butter, the residues of lipophilic antiparasitic drugs are higher than those measured in the milk used for their elaboration. This review article contributes pharmacokinetics-based information, which is useful to understand the relevance of rational drug-based parasite control in lactating dairy ruminants to avoid undesirable consequences of residual drug concentrations in milk and derived products intended for human consumption. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:47:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9a9b7c4da4054e9889d81ef36924e6c9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:47:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-9a9b7c4da4054e9889d81ef36924e6c92023-11-22T17:08:37ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-09-011110275810.3390/ani11102758The Pattern of Blood–Milk Exchange for Antiparasitic Drugs in Dairy RuminantsFernanda Imperiale0Carlos Lanusse1Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, CONICET-CICPBA), Facultad de Cs. Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil 7000, ArgentinaLaboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, CONICET-CICPBA), Facultad de Cs. Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil 7000, ArgentinaThe prolonged persistence of milk residual concentration of different antiparasitic drugs in lactating dairy animals should be considered before recommending their use (label or extra-label) for parasite control in dairy animals. The partition blood-to-milk ratio for different antiparasitic compounds depends on their ability to diffuse across the mammary gland epithelium. The high lipophilicity of some of the most widely used antiparasitic drugs explains their high partition into milk and the extended persistence of high residual concentrations in milk after treatment. Most of the antiparasitic drug compounds studied were shown to be stable in various milk-related industrial processes. Thus, the levels of residues detected in raw milk can be directly applicable to estimating consumer exposure and dietary intake calculations when consuming heat-processed fluid milk. However, after milk is processed to obtain milk products such as cheese, yogurt, ricotta, and butter, the residues of lipophilic antiparasitic drugs are higher than those measured in the milk used for their elaboration. This review article contributes pharmacokinetics-based information, which is useful to understand the relevance of rational drug-based parasite control in lactating dairy ruminants to avoid undesirable consequences of residual drug concentrations in milk and derived products intended for human consumption.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/10/2758dairy animalsantiparasitic drugsrational use in parasite controlplasma–milk exchangeresidues in milk dairy products |
| spellingShingle | Fernanda Imperiale Carlos Lanusse The Pattern of Blood–Milk Exchange for Antiparasitic Drugs in Dairy Ruminants Animals dairy animals antiparasitic drugs rational use in parasite control plasma–milk exchange residues in milk dairy products |
| title | The Pattern of Blood–Milk Exchange for Antiparasitic Drugs in Dairy Ruminants |
| title_full | The Pattern of Blood–Milk Exchange for Antiparasitic Drugs in Dairy Ruminants |
| title_fullStr | The Pattern of Blood–Milk Exchange for Antiparasitic Drugs in Dairy Ruminants |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Pattern of Blood–Milk Exchange for Antiparasitic Drugs in Dairy Ruminants |
| title_short | The Pattern of Blood–Milk Exchange for Antiparasitic Drugs in Dairy Ruminants |
| title_sort | pattern of blood milk exchange for antiparasitic drugs in dairy ruminants |
| topic | dairy animals antiparasitic drugs rational use in parasite control plasma–milk exchange residues in milk dairy products |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/10/2758 |
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