Macrophage polarization in innate immune responses contributing to pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease
Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by inflammation, injury and fibrosis. Dysregulated innate immune responses mediated by macrophages play critical roles in progressive renal injury. The differentiation and polarization of macrophages into pro-inflammatory ‘M1’ and anti-inflammat...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2020-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Nephrology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12882-020-01921-7 |
| _version_ | 1818307005616488448 |
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| author | Hewang Lee Michael B. Fessler Peng Qu Jurgen Heymann Jeffrey B. Kopp |
| author_facet | Hewang Lee Michael B. Fessler Peng Qu Jurgen Heymann Jeffrey B. Kopp |
| author_sort | Hewang Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by inflammation, injury and fibrosis. Dysregulated innate immune responses mediated by macrophages play critical roles in progressive renal injury. The differentiation and polarization of macrophages into pro-inflammatory ‘M1’ and anti-inflammatory ‘M2’ states represent the two extreme maturation programs of macrophages during tissue injury. However, the effects of macrophage polarization on the pathogenesis of CKD are not fully understood. In this review, we discuss the innate immune mechanisms underlying macrophage polarization and the role of macrophage polarization in the initiation, progression, resolution and recurrence of CKD. Macrophage activation and polarization are initiated through recognition of conserved endogenous and exogenous molecular motifs by pattern recognition receptors, chiefly, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are located on the cell surface and in endosomes, and NLR inflammasomes, which are positioned in the cytosol. Recent data suggest that genetic variants of the innate immune molecule apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) that are associated with increased CKD prevalence in people of African descent, mediate an atypical M1 macrophage polarization. Manipulation of macrophage polarization may offer novel strategies to address dysregulated immunometabolism and may provide a complementary approach along with current podocentric treatment for glomerular diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T06:51:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9ab05c96999d43fd94e4c9ab4e32b93f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2369 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T06:51:30Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Nephrology |
| spelling | doaj.art-9ab05c96999d43fd94e4c9ab4e32b93f2022-12-21T23:56:08ZengBMCBMC Nephrology1471-23692020-07-0121111310.1186/s12882-020-01921-7Macrophage polarization in innate immune responses contributing to pathogenesis of chronic kidney diseaseHewang Lee0Michael B. Fessler1Peng Qu2Jurgen Heymann3Jeffrey B. Kopp4Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of HealthImmunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of HealthInstitute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, Affiliated Second Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityKidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of HealthKidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of HealthAbstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by inflammation, injury and fibrosis. Dysregulated innate immune responses mediated by macrophages play critical roles in progressive renal injury. The differentiation and polarization of macrophages into pro-inflammatory ‘M1’ and anti-inflammatory ‘M2’ states represent the two extreme maturation programs of macrophages during tissue injury. However, the effects of macrophage polarization on the pathogenesis of CKD are not fully understood. In this review, we discuss the innate immune mechanisms underlying macrophage polarization and the role of macrophage polarization in the initiation, progression, resolution and recurrence of CKD. Macrophage activation and polarization are initiated through recognition of conserved endogenous and exogenous molecular motifs by pattern recognition receptors, chiefly, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are located on the cell surface and in endosomes, and NLR inflammasomes, which are positioned in the cytosol. Recent data suggest that genetic variants of the innate immune molecule apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) that are associated with increased CKD prevalence in people of African descent, mediate an atypical M1 macrophage polarization. Manipulation of macrophage polarization may offer novel strategies to address dysregulated immunometabolism and may provide a complementary approach along with current podocentric treatment for glomerular diseases.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12882-020-01921-7Apolipoprotein L1Chronic kidney diseaseImmunometabolismInnate immunityMacrophage polarization |
| spellingShingle | Hewang Lee Michael B. Fessler Peng Qu Jurgen Heymann Jeffrey B. Kopp Macrophage polarization in innate immune responses contributing to pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease BMC Nephrology Apolipoprotein L1 Chronic kidney disease Immunometabolism Innate immunity Macrophage polarization |
| title | Macrophage polarization in innate immune responses contributing to pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease |
| title_full | Macrophage polarization in innate immune responses contributing to pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease |
| title_fullStr | Macrophage polarization in innate immune responses contributing to pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Macrophage polarization in innate immune responses contributing to pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease |
| title_short | Macrophage polarization in innate immune responses contributing to pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease |
| title_sort | macrophage polarization in innate immune responses contributing to pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease |
| topic | Apolipoprotein L1 Chronic kidney disease Immunometabolism Innate immunity Macrophage polarization |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12882-020-01921-7 |
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