Effect of Stretching on Crystalline Structure, Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties of Solution-Cast Nylon-11 Films
Compared to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its copolymers, castor-oil-derived nylon-11 has been less explored over the past decades, despite its excellent piezoelectric properties at elevated temperatures. To utilize nylon-11 for future sensor or vibrational energy harvesting devices, it is impo...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/13/2037 |
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| author | Jima Wu Yuheng Fu Guo-Hua Hu Shan Wang Chuanxi Xiong |
| author_facet | Jima Wu Yuheng Fu Guo-Hua Hu Shan Wang Chuanxi Xiong |
| author_sort | Jima Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Compared to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its copolymers, castor-oil-derived nylon-11 has been less explored over the past decades, despite its excellent piezoelectric properties at elevated temperatures. To utilize nylon-11 for future sensor or vibrational energy harvesting devices, it is important to control the formation of the electroactive δ′ crystal phase. In this work, nylon-11 films were first fabricated by solution-casting and were then uniaxially stretched at different stretching ratios (SR) and temperatures (T<sub>s</sub>) to obtain a series of stretched films. The combination of two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray diffraction (2D-WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques showed that the fraction of the δ′ crystal phase increased with the stretching ratio and acquired a maximum at a T<sub>s</sub> of 80 °C. Further, it was found that the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the fabricated nylon-11 films could be correlated well with their crystalline structure. Consequently, the stretched nylon-11 film stretched at an SR of 300% and a T<sub>s</sub> of 80 °C showed maximum remanent polarization and a remarkable piezoelectric coefficient of 7.2 pC/N. A simple piezoelectric device with such a nylon-11 film was made into a simple piezoelectric device, which could generate an output voltage of 1.5 V and a current of 11 nA, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:10:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9ab368f09a7b4fb6ba389633c11cd3ed |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:10:51Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-9ab368f09a7b4fb6ba389633c11cd3ed2023-11-22T01:10:53ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-06-011313203710.3390/polym13132037Effect of Stretching on Crystalline Structure, Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties of Solution-Cast Nylon-11 FilmsJima Wu0Yuheng Fu1Guo-Hua Hu2Shan Wang3Chuanxi Xiong4School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, ChinaUniversité de Lorraine-CNRS, Laboratory of Reactions and Process Engineering (LRGP, UMR CNRS 7274), 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy, FranceSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCompared to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its copolymers, castor-oil-derived nylon-11 has been less explored over the past decades, despite its excellent piezoelectric properties at elevated temperatures. To utilize nylon-11 for future sensor or vibrational energy harvesting devices, it is important to control the formation of the electroactive δ′ crystal phase. In this work, nylon-11 films were first fabricated by solution-casting and were then uniaxially stretched at different stretching ratios (SR) and temperatures (T<sub>s</sub>) to obtain a series of stretched films. The combination of two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray diffraction (2D-WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques showed that the fraction of the δ′ crystal phase increased with the stretching ratio and acquired a maximum at a T<sub>s</sub> of 80 °C. Further, it was found that the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the fabricated nylon-11 films could be correlated well with their crystalline structure. Consequently, the stretched nylon-11 film stretched at an SR of 300% and a T<sub>s</sub> of 80 °C showed maximum remanent polarization and a remarkable piezoelectric coefficient of 7.2 pC/N. A simple piezoelectric device with such a nylon-11 film was made into a simple piezoelectric device, which could generate an output voltage of 1.5 V and a current of 11 nA, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/13/2037nylon-11stretchingcrystalline structureferroelectricitypiezoelectricity |
| spellingShingle | Jima Wu Yuheng Fu Guo-Hua Hu Shan Wang Chuanxi Xiong Effect of Stretching on Crystalline Structure, Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties of Solution-Cast Nylon-11 Films Polymers nylon-11 stretching crystalline structure ferroelectricity piezoelectricity |
| title | Effect of Stretching on Crystalline Structure, Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties of Solution-Cast Nylon-11 Films |
| title_full | Effect of Stretching on Crystalline Structure, Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties of Solution-Cast Nylon-11 Films |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Stretching on Crystalline Structure, Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties of Solution-Cast Nylon-11 Films |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Stretching on Crystalline Structure, Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties of Solution-Cast Nylon-11 Films |
| title_short | Effect of Stretching on Crystalline Structure, Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties of Solution-Cast Nylon-11 Films |
| title_sort | effect of stretching on crystalline structure ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of solution cast nylon 11 films |
| topic | nylon-11 stretching crystalline structure ferroelectricity piezoelectricity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/13/2037 |
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