Optimization of Adsorption Conditions Using Response Surface Methodology for Tetracycline Removal by MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes
In this study, the optimal conditions and effects of external factors on tetracycline adsorption by magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were established by a response surface methodology for the first time. Batch adsorption experiments showed that increasing the dosage and contact time...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| author | Weigao Zhao Chenjie Hao Yiping Guo Wanfei Shao Yimei Tian Peng Zhao |
| author_facet | Weigao Zhao Chenjie Hao Yiping Guo Wanfei Shao Yimei Tian Peng Zhao |
| author_sort | Weigao Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, the optimal conditions and effects of external factors on tetracycline adsorption by magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were established by a response surface methodology for the first time. Batch adsorption experiments showed that increasing the dosage and contact time effectively promoted the adsorption of tetracycline and maximum removal of 97.93–99.13% was achieved at pH 3–7. The pseudo-second-order model and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectra indicated that the mechanism of adsorption may be π–π electron interaction and cation–π electron bonding. Design Expert was utilized to develop a response surface methodology for the analysis and optimization of tetracycline adsorption by magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The Box–Behnken design (BBD) results showed that the optimization exhibited high significance and reliability. The main effect plots and Pareto chart indicated that pH exerted a significant individual effect on the regulation of adsorption, while 3D response surface plots and interaction effect plots exhibited a significant antagonistic interaction between pH and contact time. A maximum tetracycline removal of 99.16% was achieved under the optimal conditions of 12 mg adsorbent dosage at pH 5.43, with an adsorption time of 120 min. Mathematical and experimental results confirmed the accuracy of the established optimal conditions. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:25:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-9acfb5affc9f4f508fa2ef877ceb15d92023-11-18T17:47:33ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-06-011513239210.3390/w15132392Optimization of Adsorption Conditions Using Response Surface Methodology for Tetracycline Removal by MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Multi-Wall Carbon NanotubesWeigao Zhao0Chenjie Hao1Yiping Guo2Wanfei Shao3Yimei Tian4Peng Zhao5Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaSchool of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, ChinaSchool of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaIn this study, the optimal conditions and effects of external factors on tetracycline adsorption by magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were established by a response surface methodology for the first time. Batch adsorption experiments showed that increasing the dosage and contact time effectively promoted the adsorption of tetracycline and maximum removal of 97.93–99.13% was achieved at pH 3–7. The pseudo-second-order model and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectra indicated that the mechanism of adsorption may be π–π electron interaction and cation–π electron bonding. Design Expert was utilized to develop a response surface methodology for the analysis and optimization of tetracycline adsorption by magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The Box–Behnken design (BBD) results showed that the optimization exhibited high significance and reliability. The main effect plots and Pareto chart indicated that pH exerted a significant individual effect on the regulation of adsorption, while 3D response surface plots and interaction effect plots exhibited a significant antagonistic interaction between pH and contact time. A maximum tetracycline removal of 99.16% was achieved under the optimal conditions of 12 mg adsorbent dosage at pH 5.43, with an adsorption time of 120 min. Mathematical and experimental results confirmed the accuracy of the established optimal conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/13/2392magnetic carbon nanotubestetracyclineadsorptionBox–Behnken designprocess optimization |
| spellingShingle | Weigao Zhao Chenjie Hao Yiping Guo Wanfei Shao Yimei Tian Peng Zhao Optimization of Adsorption Conditions Using Response Surface Methodology for Tetracycline Removal by MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Water magnetic carbon nanotubes tetracycline adsorption Box–Behnken design process optimization |
| title | Optimization of Adsorption Conditions Using Response Surface Methodology for Tetracycline Removal by MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes |
| title_full | Optimization of Adsorption Conditions Using Response Surface Methodology for Tetracycline Removal by MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of Adsorption Conditions Using Response Surface Methodology for Tetracycline Removal by MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of Adsorption Conditions Using Response Surface Methodology for Tetracycline Removal by MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes |
| title_short | Optimization of Adsorption Conditions Using Response Surface Methodology for Tetracycline Removal by MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes |
| title_sort | optimization of adsorption conditions using response surface methodology for tetracycline removal by mnfe sub 2 sub o sub 4 sub multi wall carbon nanotubes |
| topic | magnetic carbon nanotubes tetracycline adsorption Box–Behnken design process optimization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/13/2392 |
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