Effect of <i>Leptographium terebrantis</i> on Foliage, New Root Dynamics, and Stemwood Growth in a Loblolly Pine (<i>Pinus taeda</i> L.) Plantation
The course of the bark beetle-vectored fungus, <i>Leptographium terebrantis</i> S. J. Barras and T. J. Perry, in stemwood growth loss of declining pines in the southeastern United States was assessed in a 13-year-old loblolly pine (<i>Pinus taeda</i> L.) plantation near Eufau...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/8/1335 |
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| author | John K. Mensah Mary Anne S. Sayer Ryan L. Nadel Shrijana Duwadi Zhaofei Fan Emily A. Carter Lori G. Eckhardt |
| author_facet | John K. Mensah Mary Anne S. Sayer Ryan L. Nadel Shrijana Duwadi Zhaofei Fan Emily A. Carter Lori G. Eckhardt |
| author_sort | John K. Mensah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The course of the bark beetle-vectored fungus, <i>Leptographium terebrantis</i> S. J. Barras and T. J. Perry, in stemwood growth loss of declining pines in the southeastern United States was assessed in a 13-year-old loblolly pine (<i>Pinus taeda</i> L.) plantation near Eufaula, Alabama, U.S.A. Using stem inoculation as a surrogate for root infection, we hypothesized that <i>L. terebrantis</i> infection impairs sapwood function and thus limits the tree leaf area (A<sub>L</sub>), new root production, and stemwood growth. Sterile toothpicks colonized by <i>L. terebrantis</i> at varying inoculum densities was used to elicit host growth responses. In the third year after inoculation, the root pathogen reduced the foliage moisture content, whole-tree leaf area (A<sub>L</sub>), the ratio of A<sub>L</sub> to tree sapwood area (A<sub>S</sub>), and stemwood growth in trees receiving the high inoculation treatment relative to those receiving the low or medium inoculation treatments, or the wound or control treatments after seven months of water deficit. The absence of a similar response to water deficit among trees that were noninoculated, wounded, or inoculated at the low or medium densities suggests that, in the loblolly pine–<i>L. terebrantis</i> pathosystem at our study site, the physiological stress caused by water deficit and the high inoculum density was required for the pathogen to elicit a stemwood growth loss. Thus, in loblolly pine forests of the southeastern United States, where climate and soil conditions yield prolonged periods of physiological stress, the presence of <i>L. terebrantis</i> has the potential to reduce stand volume and widen the gap between the predicted and actual stemwood production. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:57:35Z |
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| id | doaj.art-9ad0a08293414fce8634b72f6acd768d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:57:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-9ad0a08293414fce8634b72f6acd768d2023-12-01T23:42:51ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072022-08-01138133510.3390/f13081335Effect of <i>Leptographium terebrantis</i> on Foliage, New Root Dynamics, and Stemwood Growth in a Loblolly Pine (<i>Pinus taeda</i> L.) PlantationJohn K. Mensah0Mary Anne S. Sayer1Ryan L. Nadel2Shrijana Duwadi3Zhaofei Fan4Emily A. Carter5Lori G. Eckhardt6School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USAUSDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Pineville, LA 71360, USASchool of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USASchool of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USASchool of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USAUSDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Auburn, AL 36849, USASchool of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USAThe course of the bark beetle-vectored fungus, <i>Leptographium terebrantis</i> S. J. Barras and T. J. Perry, in stemwood growth loss of declining pines in the southeastern United States was assessed in a 13-year-old loblolly pine (<i>Pinus taeda</i> L.) plantation near Eufaula, Alabama, U.S.A. Using stem inoculation as a surrogate for root infection, we hypothesized that <i>L. terebrantis</i> infection impairs sapwood function and thus limits the tree leaf area (A<sub>L</sub>), new root production, and stemwood growth. Sterile toothpicks colonized by <i>L. terebrantis</i> at varying inoculum densities was used to elicit host growth responses. In the third year after inoculation, the root pathogen reduced the foliage moisture content, whole-tree leaf area (A<sub>L</sub>), the ratio of A<sub>L</sub> to tree sapwood area (A<sub>S</sub>), and stemwood growth in trees receiving the high inoculation treatment relative to those receiving the low or medium inoculation treatments, or the wound or control treatments after seven months of water deficit. The absence of a similar response to water deficit among trees that were noninoculated, wounded, or inoculated at the low or medium densities suggests that, in the loblolly pine–<i>L. terebrantis</i> pathosystem at our study site, the physiological stress caused by water deficit and the high inoculum density was required for the pathogen to elicit a stemwood growth loss. Thus, in loblolly pine forests of the southeastern United States, where climate and soil conditions yield prolonged periods of physiological stress, the presence of <i>L. terebrantis</i> has the potential to reduce stand volume and widen the gap between the predicted and actual stemwood production.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/8/1335declinedroughthydraulic adjustmentinoculationleaf areaphysiological stress |
| spellingShingle | John K. Mensah Mary Anne S. Sayer Ryan L. Nadel Shrijana Duwadi Zhaofei Fan Emily A. Carter Lori G. Eckhardt Effect of <i>Leptographium terebrantis</i> on Foliage, New Root Dynamics, and Stemwood Growth in a Loblolly Pine (<i>Pinus taeda</i> L.) Plantation Forests decline drought hydraulic adjustment inoculation leaf area physiological stress |
| title | Effect of <i>Leptographium terebrantis</i> on Foliage, New Root Dynamics, and Stemwood Growth in a Loblolly Pine (<i>Pinus taeda</i> L.) Plantation |
| title_full | Effect of <i>Leptographium terebrantis</i> on Foliage, New Root Dynamics, and Stemwood Growth in a Loblolly Pine (<i>Pinus taeda</i> L.) Plantation |
| title_fullStr | Effect of <i>Leptographium terebrantis</i> on Foliage, New Root Dynamics, and Stemwood Growth in a Loblolly Pine (<i>Pinus taeda</i> L.) Plantation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of <i>Leptographium terebrantis</i> on Foliage, New Root Dynamics, and Stemwood Growth in a Loblolly Pine (<i>Pinus taeda</i> L.) Plantation |
| title_short | Effect of <i>Leptographium terebrantis</i> on Foliage, New Root Dynamics, and Stemwood Growth in a Loblolly Pine (<i>Pinus taeda</i> L.) Plantation |
| title_sort | effect of i leptographium terebrantis i on foliage new root dynamics and stemwood growth in a loblolly pine i pinus taeda i l plantation |
| topic | decline drought hydraulic adjustment inoculation leaf area physiological stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/8/1335 |
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