Bacterial ghosts as adjuvants: mechanisms and potential
Abstract Bacterial ghosts (BG) are empty cell envelopes derived from Gram-negative bacteria. They contain many innate immunostimulatory agonists, and are potent activators of a broad range of cell types involved in innate and adaptive immunity. Several considerable studies have demonstrated the effe...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2017-06-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Research |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13567-017-0442-5 |
| _version_ | 1818477185647771648 |
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| author | Irshad A. Hajam Pervaiz A. Dar Gayeon Won John Hwa Lee |
| author_facet | Irshad A. Hajam Pervaiz A. Dar Gayeon Won John Hwa Lee |
| author_sort | Irshad A. Hajam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Bacterial ghosts (BG) are empty cell envelopes derived from Gram-negative bacteria. They contain many innate immunostimulatory agonists, and are potent activators of a broad range of cell types involved in innate and adaptive immunity. Several considerable studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of BG as adjuvants as well as their ability to induce proinflammatory cytokine production by a range of immune and non-immune cell types. These proinflammatory cytokines trigger a generalized recruitment of T and B lymphocytes to lymph nodes that maximize the chances of encounter with their cognate antigen, and subsequent elicitation of potent immune responses. The plasticity of BG has allowed for the generation of envelope-bound foreign antigens in immunologically active forms that have proven to be effective vaccines in animal models. Besides their adjuvant property, BG also effectively deliver DNA-encoded antigens to dendritic cells, thereby leading to high transfection efficiencies, which subsequently result in higher gene expressions and improved immunogenicity of DNA-based vaccines. In this review, we summarize our understanding of BG interactions with the host immune system, their exploitation as an adjuvant and a delivery system, and address important areas of future research interest. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T09:34:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9aede3fba54946d2a85f78f942d09152 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1297-9716 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T09:34:55Z |
| publishDate | 2017-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-9aede3fba54946d2a85f78f942d091522022-12-22T01:54:13ZengBMCVeterinary Research1297-97162017-06-0148111310.1186/s13567-017-0442-5Bacterial ghosts as adjuvants: mechanisms and potentialIrshad A. Hajam0Pervaiz A. Dar1Gayeon Won2John Hwa Lee3College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National UniversityDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of ToledoCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National UniversityCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National UniversityAbstract Bacterial ghosts (BG) are empty cell envelopes derived from Gram-negative bacteria. They contain many innate immunostimulatory agonists, and are potent activators of a broad range of cell types involved in innate and adaptive immunity. Several considerable studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of BG as adjuvants as well as their ability to induce proinflammatory cytokine production by a range of immune and non-immune cell types. These proinflammatory cytokines trigger a generalized recruitment of T and B lymphocytes to lymph nodes that maximize the chances of encounter with their cognate antigen, and subsequent elicitation of potent immune responses. The plasticity of BG has allowed for the generation of envelope-bound foreign antigens in immunologically active forms that have proven to be effective vaccines in animal models. Besides their adjuvant property, BG also effectively deliver DNA-encoded antigens to dendritic cells, thereby leading to high transfection efficiencies, which subsequently result in higher gene expressions and improved immunogenicity of DNA-based vaccines. In this review, we summarize our understanding of BG interactions with the host immune system, their exploitation as an adjuvant and a delivery system, and address important areas of future research interest.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13567-017-0442-5 |
| spellingShingle | Irshad A. Hajam Pervaiz A. Dar Gayeon Won John Hwa Lee Bacterial ghosts as adjuvants: mechanisms and potential Veterinary Research |
| title | Bacterial ghosts as adjuvants: mechanisms and potential |
| title_full | Bacterial ghosts as adjuvants: mechanisms and potential |
| title_fullStr | Bacterial ghosts as adjuvants: mechanisms and potential |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bacterial ghosts as adjuvants: mechanisms and potential |
| title_short | Bacterial ghosts as adjuvants: mechanisms and potential |
| title_sort | bacterial ghosts as adjuvants mechanisms and potential |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13567-017-0442-5 |
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