Integrating <i>Trissolcus japonicus</i> (Ashmead, 1904) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) into Management Programs for <i>Halyomorpha halys</i> (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Apple Orchards: Impact of Insecticide Applications and Spray Patterns
<i>Halyomorpha halys</i> (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an invasive species in the United States, where it has caused significant damage to specialty crops, including apples. While integrated pest management techniques have been developed for <i>H. halys</i> in app...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/12/833 |
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| author | Dalton C. Ludwick Jessica Patterson Layne B. Leake Lee Carper Tracy C. Leskey |
| author_facet | Dalton C. Ludwick Jessica Patterson Layne B. Leake Lee Carper Tracy C. Leskey |
| author_sort | Dalton C. Ludwick |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Halyomorpha halys</i> (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an invasive species in the United States, where it has caused significant damage to specialty crops, including apples. While integrated pest management techniques have been developed for <i>H. halys</i> in apple, including spray application techniques, it is unknown how these techniques affect foraging, adventive <i>Trissolcus japonicus</i> (Ashmead, 1904) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), and its offspring. In this study, egg masses (unparasitized and 2 and 7 day parasitized pre-treatment) were placed in apple orchards in treated and untreated locations that received full block insecticide applications or reduced application techniques, including border row or alternate row middle applications. Bifenthrin, thiamethoxam + λ-cyhalothrin, clothianidin, and methomyl were evaluated. Egg masses were retrieved 24 h after spray applications. For 2 and 7 day parasitized pre-treatment, adult <i>T. japonicus</i> emergence was recorded from each egg mass. For unparasitized egg masses, <i>T. japonicus</i> females were given 24 h to forage and oviposit on post-treatment egg masses with female survivorship, and adult emergence from egg masses was recorded. Female survivorship was significantly lower on post-treatment egg masses retrieved from areas receiving bifenthrin applications. Emergence from post-treatment egg masses was affected by thiamethoxam + λ-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, and methomyl in some treated areas, whereas less impact was observed on 2 and 7 day pre-treatment parasitized egg masses in general. These data provide further insights into <i>H. halys</i> management and the potential impact of <i>T. japonicus</i> in sprayed orchard agroecosystems. |
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| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:34:11Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-9afec651692c4eada4a26d9c8f51764b2023-11-20T22:22:46ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502020-11-01111283310.3390/insects11120833Integrating <i>Trissolcus japonicus</i> (Ashmead, 1904) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) into Management Programs for <i>Halyomorpha halys</i> (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Apple Orchards: Impact of Insecticide Applications and Spray PatternsDalton C. Ludwick0Jessica Patterson1Layne B. Leake2Lee Carper3Tracy C. Leskey4Appalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA-ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USAInstitute of Environment and Physical Sciences, Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, WV 25443, USADivision of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USAAppalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA-ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USAAppalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA-ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA<i>Halyomorpha halys</i> (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an invasive species in the United States, where it has caused significant damage to specialty crops, including apples. While integrated pest management techniques have been developed for <i>H. halys</i> in apple, including spray application techniques, it is unknown how these techniques affect foraging, adventive <i>Trissolcus japonicus</i> (Ashmead, 1904) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), and its offspring. In this study, egg masses (unparasitized and 2 and 7 day parasitized pre-treatment) were placed in apple orchards in treated and untreated locations that received full block insecticide applications or reduced application techniques, including border row or alternate row middle applications. Bifenthrin, thiamethoxam + λ-cyhalothrin, clothianidin, and methomyl were evaluated. Egg masses were retrieved 24 h after spray applications. For 2 and 7 day parasitized pre-treatment, adult <i>T. japonicus</i> emergence was recorded from each egg mass. For unparasitized egg masses, <i>T. japonicus</i> females were given 24 h to forage and oviposit on post-treatment egg masses with female survivorship, and adult emergence from egg masses was recorded. Female survivorship was significantly lower on post-treatment egg masses retrieved from areas receiving bifenthrin applications. Emergence from post-treatment egg masses was affected by thiamethoxam + λ-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, and methomyl in some treated areas, whereas less impact was observed on 2 and 7 day pre-treatment parasitized egg masses in general. These data provide further insights into <i>H. halys</i> management and the potential impact of <i>T. japonicus</i> in sprayed orchard agroecosystems.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/12/833parasitoidschemical controltree fruit |
| spellingShingle | Dalton C. Ludwick Jessica Patterson Layne B. Leake Lee Carper Tracy C. Leskey Integrating <i>Trissolcus japonicus</i> (Ashmead, 1904) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) into Management Programs for <i>Halyomorpha halys</i> (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Apple Orchards: Impact of Insecticide Applications and Spray Patterns Insects parasitoids chemical control tree fruit |
| title | Integrating <i>Trissolcus japonicus</i> (Ashmead, 1904) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) into Management Programs for <i>Halyomorpha halys</i> (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Apple Orchards: Impact of Insecticide Applications and Spray Patterns |
| title_full | Integrating <i>Trissolcus japonicus</i> (Ashmead, 1904) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) into Management Programs for <i>Halyomorpha halys</i> (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Apple Orchards: Impact of Insecticide Applications and Spray Patterns |
| title_fullStr | Integrating <i>Trissolcus japonicus</i> (Ashmead, 1904) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) into Management Programs for <i>Halyomorpha halys</i> (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Apple Orchards: Impact of Insecticide Applications and Spray Patterns |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integrating <i>Trissolcus japonicus</i> (Ashmead, 1904) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) into Management Programs for <i>Halyomorpha halys</i> (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Apple Orchards: Impact of Insecticide Applications and Spray Patterns |
| title_short | Integrating <i>Trissolcus japonicus</i> (Ashmead, 1904) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) into Management Programs for <i>Halyomorpha halys</i> (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Apple Orchards: Impact of Insecticide Applications and Spray Patterns |
| title_sort | integrating i trissolcus japonicus i ashmead 1904 hymenoptera scelionidae into management programs for i halyomorpha halys i stal 1855 hemiptera pentatomidae in apple orchards impact of insecticide applications and spray patterns |
| topic | parasitoids chemical control tree fruit |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/12/833 |
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