Validity and Efficacy of the Elite HRV Smartphone Application during Slow-Paced Breathing
Slow-paced breathing is a clinical intervention used to increase heart rate variability (HRV). The practice is made more accessible via cost-free smartphone applications like Elite HRV. We investigated whether Elite HRV can accurately measure and augment HRV via its slow-paced breathing feature. Twe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9496 |
| _version_ | 1797399586631843840 |
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| author | Joseph D. Vondrasek Bryan L. Riemann Gregory J. Grosicki Andrew A. Flatt |
| author_facet | Joseph D. Vondrasek Bryan L. Riemann Gregory J. Grosicki Andrew A. Flatt |
| author_sort | Joseph D. Vondrasek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Slow-paced breathing is a clinical intervention used to increase heart rate variability (HRV). The practice is made more accessible via cost-free smartphone applications like Elite HRV. We investigated whether Elite HRV can accurately measure and augment HRV via its slow-paced breathing feature. Twenty young adults completed one counterbalanced cross-over protocol involving 10 min each of supine spontaneous (SPONT) and paced (PACED; 6 breaths·min<sup>−1</sup>) breathing while RR intervals were simultaneously recorded via a Polar H10 paired with Elite HRV and reference electrocardiography (ECG). Individual differences in HRV between devices were predominately skewed, reflecting a tendency for Elite HRV to underestimate ECG-derived values. Skewness was typically driven by a limited number of outliers as median bias values were ≤1.3 ms and relative agreement was ≥<i>very large</i> for time-domain parameters. Despite no significant bias and ≥<i>large</i> relative agreement for frequency-domain parameters, limits of agreement (LOAs) were excessively wide and tended to be wider during PACED for all HRV parameters. PACED significantly increased low-frequency power (LF) for Elite HRV and ECG, and between-condition differences showed <i>very large</i> relative agreement. Elite HRV-guided slow-paced breathing effectively increased LF values, but it demonstrated greater precision during SPONT and in computing time-domain HRV. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:43:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9b06ef6bc619430da00566c4e864e7ff |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:43:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-9b06ef6bc619430da00566c4e864e7ff2023-12-08T15:26:12ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-11-012323949610.3390/s23239496Validity and Efficacy of the Elite HRV Smartphone Application during Slow-Paced BreathingJoseph D. Vondrasek0Bryan L. Riemann1Gregory J. Grosicki2Andrew A. Flatt3Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University (Armstrong), 11935 Abercorn St., Savannah, GA 31419, USABiodynamics and Human Performance Center, Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University (Armstrong), 11935 Abercorn St., Savannah, GA 31419, USABiodynamics and Human Performance Center, Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University (Armstrong), 11935 Abercorn St., Savannah, GA 31419, USABiodynamics and Human Performance Center, Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University (Armstrong), 11935 Abercorn St., Savannah, GA 31419, USASlow-paced breathing is a clinical intervention used to increase heart rate variability (HRV). The practice is made more accessible via cost-free smartphone applications like Elite HRV. We investigated whether Elite HRV can accurately measure and augment HRV via its slow-paced breathing feature. Twenty young adults completed one counterbalanced cross-over protocol involving 10 min each of supine spontaneous (SPONT) and paced (PACED; 6 breaths·min<sup>−1</sup>) breathing while RR intervals were simultaneously recorded via a Polar H10 paired with Elite HRV and reference electrocardiography (ECG). Individual differences in HRV between devices were predominately skewed, reflecting a tendency for Elite HRV to underestimate ECG-derived values. Skewness was typically driven by a limited number of outliers as median bias values were ≤1.3 ms and relative agreement was ≥<i>very large</i> for time-domain parameters. Despite no significant bias and ≥<i>large</i> relative agreement for frequency-domain parameters, limits of agreement (LOAs) were excessively wide and tended to be wider during PACED for all HRV parameters. PACED significantly increased low-frequency power (LF) for Elite HRV and ECG, and between-condition differences showed <i>very large</i> relative agreement. Elite HRV-guided slow-paced breathing effectively increased LF values, but it demonstrated greater precision during SPONT and in computing time-domain HRV.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9496heart rate variabilityautonomicparasympatheticbiofeedbackpsychophysiology |
| spellingShingle | Joseph D. Vondrasek Bryan L. Riemann Gregory J. Grosicki Andrew A. Flatt Validity and Efficacy of the Elite HRV Smartphone Application during Slow-Paced Breathing Sensors heart rate variability autonomic parasympathetic biofeedback psychophysiology |
| title | Validity and Efficacy of the Elite HRV Smartphone Application during Slow-Paced Breathing |
| title_full | Validity and Efficacy of the Elite HRV Smartphone Application during Slow-Paced Breathing |
| title_fullStr | Validity and Efficacy of the Elite HRV Smartphone Application during Slow-Paced Breathing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Validity and Efficacy of the Elite HRV Smartphone Application during Slow-Paced Breathing |
| title_short | Validity and Efficacy of the Elite HRV Smartphone Application during Slow-Paced Breathing |
| title_sort | validity and efficacy of the elite hrv smartphone application during slow paced breathing |
| topic | heart rate variability autonomic parasympathetic biofeedback psychophysiology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9496 |
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