INTERACTION OF BACTERIAL EXOTOXINS WITH NEUTROPHIL EXTRACELLULAR TRAPS: IMPACT FOR THE INFECTED HOST
Since their discovery in 2004, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been characterized as a fundamental host innate immune defense against various pathogens. Released in response to infectious and pro-inflammatory stimuli, NETs can immobilize invading pathogens within a fibrous matrix consisti...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2016-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00402/full |
| _version_ | 1818062655475154944 |
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| author | Maren evon Köckritz-Blickwede Maren evon Köckritz-Blickwede Stefanie eBlodkamp Victor eNizet |
| author_facet | Maren evon Köckritz-Blickwede Maren evon Köckritz-Blickwede Stefanie eBlodkamp Victor eNizet |
| author_sort | Maren evon Köckritz-Blickwede |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since their discovery in 2004, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been characterized as a fundamental host innate immune defense against various pathogens. Released in response to infectious and pro-inflammatory stimuli, NETs can immobilize invading pathogens within a fibrous matrix consisting of DNA, histones and antimicrobial peptides. Conversely, excessive or dysregulated NET release may hold a variety of detrimental consequences for the host. A fine balance between NET formation and elimination is necessary to sustain a protective effect during infectious challenge. In recent years, a number of microbial virulence factors have been shown to modulate formation of NETs facilitating colonization or spread within the host. In this mini-review we summarize the contemporary research on the interaction of bacterial exotoxins with neutrophils that modulate NET production, focusing particular attention on consequences for the host. Understanding of host-pathogen dynamics in this extracellular battlefield of innate immunity may provide novel therapeutic approaches for infectious and inflammatory disorders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T14:07:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9b0a848d5d0d4b949743e304767ed3c3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T14:07:40Z |
| publishDate | 2016-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-9b0a848d5d0d4b949743e304767ed3c32022-12-22T01:45:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2016-03-01710.3389/fmicb.2016.00402188046INTERACTION OF BACTERIAL EXOTOXINS WITH NEUTROPHIL EXTRACELLULAR TRAPS: IMPACT FOR THE INFECTED HOSTMaren evon Köckritz-Blickwede0Maren evon Köckritz-Blickwede1Stefanie eBlodkamp2Victor eNizet3University of Veterinary Medicine HannoverUniversity of Veterinary Medicine HannoverUniversity of Veterinary Medicine HannoverUniversity of California, San Diego School of MedicineSince their discovery in 2004, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been characterized as a fundamental host innate immune defense against various pathogens. Released in response to infectious and pro-inflammatory stimuli, NETs can immobilize invading pathogens within a fibrous matrix consisting of DNA, histones and antimicrobial peptides. Conversely, excessive or dysregulated NET release may hold a variety of detrimental consequences for the host. A fine balance between NET formation and elimination is necessary to sustain a protective effect during infectious challenge. In recent years, a number of microbial virulence factors have been shown to modulate formation of NETs facilitating colonization or spread within the host. In this mini-review we summarize the contemporary research on the interaction of bacterial exotoxins with neutrophils that modulate NET production, focusing particular attention on consequences for the host. Understanding of host-pathogen dynamics in this extracellular battlefield of innate immunity may provide novel therapeutic approaches for infectious and inflammatory disorders.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00402/fullCell DeathMacrophagesNeutrophilsleukocidinphagocyte extracellular traps |
| spellingShingle | Maren evon Köckritz-Blickwede Maren evon Köckritz-Blickwede Stefanie eBlodkamp Victor eNizet INTERACTION OF BACTERIAL EXOTOXINS WITH NEUTROPHIL EXTRACELLULAR TRAPS: IMPACT FOR THE INFECTED HOST Frontiers in Microbiology Cell Death Macrophages Neutrophils leukocidin phagocyte extracellular traps |
| title | INTERACTION OF BACTERIAL EXOTOXINS WITH NEUTROPHIL EXTRACELLULAR TRAPS: IMPACT FOR THE INFECTED HOST |
| title_full | INTERACTION OF BACTERIAL EXOTOXINS WITH NEUTROPHIL EXTRACELLULAR TRAPS: IMPACT FOR THE INFECTED HOST |
| title_fullStr | INTERACTION OF BACTERIAL EXOTOXINS WITH NEUTROPHIL EXTRACELLULAR TRAPS: IMPACT FOR THE INFECTED HOST |
| title_full_unstemmed | INTERACTION OF BACTERIAL EXOTOXINS WITH NEUTROPHIL EXTRACELLULAR TRAPS: IMPACT FOR THE INFECTED HOST |
| title_short | INTERACTION OF BACTERIAL EXOTOXINS WITH NEUTROPHIL EXTRACELLULAR TRAPS: IMPACT FOR THE INFECTED HOST |
| title_sort | interaction of bacterial exotoxins with neutrophil extracellular traps impact for the infected host |
| topic | Cell Death Macrophages Neutrophils leukocidin phagocyte extracellular traps |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00402/full |
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