Virulence Variation of <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum Isolates through SpvB by CRISPR Sequence Subtyping, 2014 to 2018
<i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum is a Gram-negative bacteria that causes fowl typhoid, a septicemic disease with high morbidity and mortality that affects all ages of chickens. Although vaccines and antimicrobials have been used nationwide to eradicate the disease, the malady is still preval...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/12/2346 |
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| author | Koeun Kim Sunghyun Yoon Yeong Bin Kim Young Ju Lee |
| author_facet | Koeun Kim Sunghyun Yoon Yeong Bin Kim Young Ju Lee |
| author_sort | Koeun Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum is a Gram-negative bacteria that causes fowl typhoid, a septicemic disease with high morbidity and mortality that affects all ages of chickens. Although vaccines and antimicrobials have been used nationwide to eradicate the disease, the malady is still prevalent in Korea. In this study, we investigated the virulence and genetic variation of 116 <i>S</i>. Gallinarum isolates from laying hens between 2014 and 2018. A total of 116 isolates were divided into five Gallinarum Sequence Types (GST) through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) subtyping method. The GSTs displayed changes over time. The 116 isolates showed no difference in virulence gene distribution, but the polyproline linker (PPL) length of the SpvB, one of the virulence factors of <i>Salmonella</i> spp., served as an indicator of <i>S</i>. Gallinarum pathogenicity. The most prevalent PPL length was 22 prolines (37.9%). The shortest PPL length (19 prolines) was found only in isolates from 2014 and 2015. However, the longest PPL length of 24 prolines appeared in 2018. This study indicates that PPLs of <i>S.</i> Gallinarum in Korea tend to lengthen over time, so the pathogenic potency of the bacteria is increasing. Moreover, the transition of GST was associated with PPL length extension over time. These results indicate that surveillance of changing GST and PPL length are necessary in the monitoring of <i>S</i>. Gallinarum isolates. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:12:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9b15a9d957c04ebdb153c1842c2fdf68 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:12:52Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-9b15a9d957c04ebdb153c1842c2fdf682023-11-21T00:01:47ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152020-12-011012234610.3390/ani10122346Virulence Variation of <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum Isolates through SpvB by CRISPR Sequence Subtyping, 2014 to 2018Koeun Kim0Sunghyun Yoon1Yeong Bin Kim2Young Ju Lee3College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, KoreaCollege of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, KoreaCollege of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, KoreaCollege of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea<i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum is a Gram-negative bacteria that causes fowl typhoid, a septicemic disease with high morbidity and mortality that affects all ages of chickens. Although vaccines and antimicrobials have been used nationwide to eradicate the disease, the malady is still prevalent in Korea. In this study, we investigated the virulence and genetic variation of 116 <i>S</i>. Gallinarum isolates from laying hens between 2014 and 2018. A total of 116 isolates were divided into five Gallinarum Sequence Types (GST) through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) subtyping method. The GSTs displayed changes over time. The 116 isolates showed no difference in virulence gene distribution, but the polyproline linker (PPL) length of the SpvB, one of the virulence factors of <i>Salmonella</i> spp., served as an indicator of <i>S</i>. Gallinarum pathogenicity. The most prevalent PPL length was 22 prolines (37.9%). The shortest PPL length (19 prolines) was found only in isolates from 2014 and 2015. However, the longest PPL length of 24 prolines appeared in 2018. This study indicates that PPLs of <i>S.</i> Gallinarum in Korea tend to lengthen over time, so the pathogenic potency of the bacteria is increasing. Moreover, the transition of GST was associated with PPL length extension over time. These results indicate that surveillance of changing GST and PPL length are necessary in the monitoring of <i>S</i>. Gallinarum isolates.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/12/2346<i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarumfowl typhoidvirulenceCRISPR |
| spellingShingle | Koeun Kim Sunghyun Yoon Yeong Bin Kim Young Ju Lee Virulence Variation of <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum Isolates through SpvB by CRISPR Sequence Subtyping, 2014 to 2018 Animals <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum fowl typhoid virulence CRISPR |
| title | Virulence Variation of <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum Isolates through SpvB by CRISPR Sequence Subtyping, 2014 to 2018 |
| title_full | Virulence Variation of <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum Isolates through SpvB by CRISPR Sequence Subtyping, 2014 to 2018 |
| title_fullStr | Virulence Variation of <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum Isolates through SpvB by CRISPR Sequence Subtyping, 2014 to 2018 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Virulence Variation of <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum Isolates through SpvB by CRISPR Sequence Subtyping, 2014 to 2018 |
| title_short | Virulence Variation of <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum Isolates through SpvB by CRISPR Sequence Subtyping, 2014 to 2018 |
| title_sort | virulence variation of i salmonella i gallinarum isolates through spvb by crispr sequence subtyping 2014 to 2018 |
| topic | <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum fowl typhoid virulence CRISPR |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/12/2346 |
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