Neuroprotective Effects of Extracts from Tiger Milk Mushroom <i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i> Against Glutamate-Induced Toxicity in HT22 Hippocampal Neuronal Cells and Neurodegenerative Diseases in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>
Despite the Tiger Milk Mushroom <i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i> (LR) having been used as a traditional medicine, little is known about the neuroprotective effects of LR extracts. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effect of three extracts of LR against glutamate-induced oxidat...
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2021-01-01
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| author | Parinee Kittimongkolsuk Nattaporn Pattarachotanant Siriporn Chuchawankul Michael Wink Tewin Tencomnao |
| author_facet | Parinee Kittimongkolsuk Nattaporn Pattarachotanant Siriporn Chuchawankul Michael Wink Tewin Tencomnao |
| author_sort | Parinee Kittimongkolsuk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite the Tiger Milk Mushroom <i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i> (LR) having been used as a traditional medicine, little is known about the neuroprotective effects of LR extracts. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effect of three extracts of LR against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in mouse hippocampal (HT22) cells as well as to determine their effect in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans.</i> In vitro, we assessed the toxicity of three LR extracts (ethanol extract (LRE), cold-water extract (LRC) and hot-water extract (LRH)) and their protective activity by MTT assay, Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining, Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP) and intracellular ROS accumulation. Furthermore, we determined the expression of antioxidant genes (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD1 and SOD2) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) by qRT-PCR. In vivo, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of LRE, not only against an Aβ-induced deficit in chemotaxis behavior (Alzheimer model) but also against PolyQ40 formation (model for Morbus Huntington) in transgenic <i>C. elegans</i>. Only LRE significantly reduced both apoptosis and intracellular ROS levels and significantly increased the expression of antioxidant genes after glutamate-induced oxidative stress in HT22 cells. In addition, LRE significantly improved the Chemotaxis Index (CI) in <i>C. elegans</i> and significantly decreased PolyQ40 aggregation. Altogether, the LRE exhibited neuroprotective properties both in vitro and in vivo. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:29:12Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-9b1a7412cec246ab82df9cd651f7cd852023-11-21T08:23:06ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372021-01-011013010.3390/biology10010030Neuroprotective Effects of Extracts from Tiger Milk Mushroom <i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i> Against Glutamate-Induced Toxicity in HT22 Hippocampal Neuronal Cells and Neurodegenerative Diseases in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>Parinee Kittimongkolsuk0Nattaporn Pattarachotanant1Siriporn Chuchawankul2Michael Wink3Tewin Tencomnao4Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandImmunomodulation of Natural Products Research Group, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandInstitute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandDespite the Tiger Milk Mushroom <i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i> (LR) having been used as a traditional medicine, little is known about the neuroprotective effects of LR extracts. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effect of three extracts of LR against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in mouse hippocampal (HT22) cells as well as to determine their effect in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans.</i> In vitro, we assessed the toxicity of three LR extracts (ethanol extract (LRE), cold-water extract (LRC) and hot-water extract (LRH)) and their protective activity by MTT assay, Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining, Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP) and intracellular ROS accumulation. Furthermore, we determined the expression of antioxidant genes (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD1 and SOD2) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) by qRT-PCR. In vivo, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of LRE, not only against an Aβ-induced deficit in chemotaxis behavior (Alzheimer model) but also against PolyQ40 formation (model for Morbus Huntington) in transgenic <i>C. elegans</i>. Only LRE significantly reduced both apoptosis and intracellular ROS levels and significantly increased the expression of antioxidant genes after glutamate-induced oxidative stress in HT22 cells. In addition, LRE significantly improved the Chemotaxis Index (CI) in <i>C. elegans</i> and significantly decreased PolyQ40 aggregation. Altogether, the LRE exhibited neuroprotective properties both in vitro and in vivo.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/1/30<i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i>HT22glutamate toxicityneuroprotectionoxidative stress<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> |
| spellingShingle | Parinee Kittimongkolsuk Nattaporn Pattarachotanant Siriporn Chuchawankul Michael Wink Tewin Tencomnao Neuroprotective Effects of Extracts from Tiger Milk Mushroom <i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i> Against Glutamate-Induced Toxicity in HT22 Hippocampal Neuronal Cells and Neurodegenerative Diseases in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> Biology <i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i> HT22 glutamate toxicity neuroprotection oxidative stress <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> |
| title | Neuroprotective Effects of Extracts from Tiger Milk Mushroom <i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i> Against Glutamate-Induced Toxicity in HT22 Hippocampal Neuronal Cells and Neurodegenerative Diseases in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> |
| title_full | Neuroprotective Effects of Extracts from Tiger Milk Mushroom <i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i> Against Glutamate-Induced Toxicity in HT22 Hippocampal Neuronal Cells and Neurodegenerative Diseases in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> |
| title_fullStr | Neuroprotective Effects of Extracts from Tiger Milk Mushroom <i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i> Against Glutamate-Induced Toxicity in HT22 Hippocampal Neuronal Cells and Neurodegenerative Diseases in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neuroprotective Effects of Extracts from Tiger Milk Mushroom <i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i> Against Glutamate-Induced Toxicity in HT22 Hippocampal Neuronal Cells and Neurodegenerative Diseases in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> |
| title_short | Neuroprotective Effects of Extracts from Tiger Milk Mushroom <i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i> Against Glutamate-Induced Toxicity in HT22 Hippocampal Neuronal Cells and Neurodegenerative Diseases in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> |
| title_sort | neuroprotective effects of extracts from tiger milk mushroom i lignosus rhinocerus i against glutamate induced toxicity in ht22 hippocampal neuronal cells and neurodegenerative diseases in i caenorhabditis elegans i |
| topic | <i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i> HT22 glutamate toxicity neuroprotection oxidative stress <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/1/30 |
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