The Pioneer Anomaly
Radio-metric Doppler tracking data received from the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft from heliocentric distances of 20-70 AU has consistently indicated the presence of a small, anomalous, blue-shifted frequency drift uniformly changing with a rate of ~6 × 10–9 Hz/s. Ultimately, the drift was interprete...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2010-09-01
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| Series: | Living Reviews in Relativity |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.livingreviews.org/lrr-2010-4 |
| _version_ | 1811319902553767936 |
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| author | Viktor T. Toth Slava G. Turyshev |
| author_facet | Viktor T. Toth Slava G. Turyshev |
| author_sort | Viktor T. Toth |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Radio-metric Doppler tracking data received from the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft from heliocentric distances of 20-70 AU has consistently indicated the presence of a small, anomalous, blue-shifted frequency drift uniformly changing with a rate of ~6 × 10–9 Hz/s. Ultimately, the drift was interpreted as a constant sunward deceleration of each particular spacecraft at the level of aP = (8.74 ± 1.33) × 10–10 m/s2. This apparent violation of the Newton's gravitational inverse square law has become known as the Pioneer anomaly; the nature of this anomaly remains unexplained. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the physical properties of the anomaly and the conditions that led to its detection and characterization. We review various mechanisms proposed to explain the anomaly and discuss the current state of efforts to determine its nature. A comprehensive new investigation of the anomalous behavior of the two Pioneers has begun recently. The new efforts rely on the much-extended set of radio-metric Doppler data for both spacecraft in conjunction with the newly available complete record of their telemetry files and a large archive of original project documentation. As the new study is yet to report its findings, this review provides the necessary background for the new results to appear in the near future. In particular, we provide a significant amount of information on the design, operations and behavior of the two Pioneers during their entire missions, including descriptions of various data formats and techniques used for their navigation and radio-science data analysis. As most of this information was recovered relatively recently, it was not used in the previous studies of the Pioneer anomaly, but it is critical for the new investigation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T12:51:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9b1e23f1fda5449e8001dc825ec17d75 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1433-8351 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T12:51:26Z |
| publishDate | 2010-09-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Living Reviews in Relativity |
| spelling | doaj.art-9b1e23f1fda5449e8001dc825ec17d752022-12-22T02:46:13ZengSpringerOpenLiving Reviews in Relativity1433-83512010-09-01134The Pioneer AnomalyViktor T. TothSlava G. TuryshevRadio-metric Doppler tracking data received from the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft from heliocentric distances of 20-70 AU has consistently indicated the presence of a small, anomalous, blue-shifted frequency drift uniformly changing with a rate of ~6 × 10–9 Hz/s. Ultimately, the drift was interpreted as a constant sunward deceleration of each particular spacecraft at the level of aP = (8.74 ± 1.33) × 10–10 m/s2. This apparent violation of the Newton's gravitational inverse square law has become known as the Pioneer anomaly; the nature of this anomaly remains unexplained. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the physical properties of the anomaly and the conditions that led to its detection and characterization. We review various mechanisms proposed to explain the anomaly and discuss the current state of efforts to determine its nature. A comprehensive new investigation of the anomalous behavior of the two Pioneers has begun recently. The new efforts rely on the much-extended set of radio-metric Doppler data for both spacecraft in conjunction with the newly available complete record of their telemetry files and a large archive of original project documentation. As the new study is yet to report its findings, this review provides the necessary background for the new results to appear in the near future. In particular, we provide a significant amount of information on the design, operations and behavior of the two Pioneers during their entire missions, including descriptions of various data formats and techniques used for their navigation and radio-science data analysis. As most of this information was recovered relatively recently, it was not used in the previous studies of the Pioneer anomaly, but it is critical for the new investigation.http://www.livingreviews.org/lrr-2010-4Pioneer anomaly |
| spellingShingle | Viktor T. Toth Slava G. Turyshev The Pioneer Anomaly Living Reviews in Relativity Pioneer anomaly |
| title | The Pioneer Anomaly |
| title_full | The Pioneer Anomaly |
| title_fullStr | The Pioneer Anomaly |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Pioneer Anomaly |
| title_short | The Pioneer Anomaly |
| title_sort | pioneer anomaly |
| topic | Pioneer anomaly |
| url | http://www.livingreviews.org/lrr-2010-4 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT viktorttoth thepioneeranomaly AT slavagturyshev thepioneeranomaly AT viktorttoth pioneeranomaly AT slavagturyshev pioneeranomaly |