Beneficial Anti-Platelet and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Irish Apple Juice and Cider Bioactives
Several bioactives from fruit juices and beverages like phenolics, nucleotides and polar lipids (PL) have exhibited anti-platelet cardio-protective properties. However, apple juice and cider lipid bioactives have not been evaluated so far. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-platelet a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-02-01
|
| Series: | Foods |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/2/412 |
| _version_ | 1797396757466841088 |
|---|---|
| author | Alexandros Tsoupras Donal Moran Hayley Pleskach Maria Durkin Con Traas Ioannis Zabetakis |
| author_facet | Alexandros Tsoupras Donal Moran Hayley Pleskach Maria Durkin Con Traas Ioannis Zabetakis |
| author_sort | Alexandros Tsoupras |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Several bioactives from fruit juices and beverages like phenolics, nucleotides and polar lipids (PL) have exhibited anti-platelet cardio-protective properties. However, apple juice and cider lipid bioactives have not been evaluated so far. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-platelet and anti-inflammatory effects and structure activity relationships of Irish apple juice and Real Irish cider lipid bioactives against the platelet-activating factor (PAF)- and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-related thrombotic and inflammatory manifestations in human platelets. Total Lipids (TL) were extracted from low, moderate and high in tannins apple juices and from their derived-through-fermentation cider products, as well as from commercial apple juice and cider. These were separated into neutral lipids (NL) and PL, while all lipid extracts were further assessed for their ability to inhibit aggregation of human platelets induced by PAF and ADP. In all cases, PL exhibited the strongest anti-platelet bioactivities and were further separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis into PL subclasses/fractions that were also assessed for their antiplatelet potency. The PL from low in tannins apple juice exhibited the strongest antiplatelet effects against PAF and ADP, while PL from its fermented cider product were less active. Moreover, the phosphatidylcholines (PC) in apple juices and the phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) in apple ciders were the most bioactive HPLC-derived PL subclasses against PAF-induced platelet aggregation. Structural elucidation of the fatty acid composition by gas chromatography mass spectra (GCMS) analysis showed that PL from all samples are rich in beneficial monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and omega 3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), providing a possible explanation for their strong anti-platelet properties, while the favorable low levels of their omega-6/omega-3 (n-6/n-3) PUFA ratio, especially for the bioactive PC and PE subclasses, further support an anti-inflammatory cardio-protective potency for these apple products. In conclusion, Irish apple juice and Real Irish cider were found to possess bioactive PL compounds with strong antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory properties, while fermentation seems to be an important modulating factor on their lipid content, structures and bioactivities. However, further studies are needed to evaluate these effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:55:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9b261761900d4c33950d2396386ba570 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:55:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-9b261761900d4c33950d2396386ba5702023-12-11T16:54:02ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582021-02-0110241210.3390/foods10020412Beneficial Anti-Platelet and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Irish Apple Juice and Cider BioactivesAlexandros Tsoupras0Donal Moran1Hayley Pleskach2Maria Durkin3Con Traas4Ioannis Zabetakis5Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, IrelandDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, IrelandDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, IrelandDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, IrelandDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, IrelandDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, IrelandSeveral bioactives from fruit juices and beverages like phenolics, nucleotides and polar lipids (PL) have exhibited anti-platelet cardio-protective properties. However, apple juice and cider lipid bioactives have not been evaluated so far. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-platelet and anti-inflammatory effects and structure activity relationships of Irish apple juice and Real Irish cider lipid bioactives against the platelet-activating factor (PAF)- and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-related thrombotic and inflammatory manifestations in human platelets. Total Lipids (TL) were extracted from low, moderate and high in tannins apple juices and from their derived-through-fermentation cider products, as well as from commercial apple juice and cider. These were separated into neutral lipids (NL) and PL, while all lipid extracts were further assessed for their ability to inhibit aggregation of human platelets induced by PAF and ADP. In all cases, PL exhibited the strongest anti-platelet bioactivities and were further separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis into PL subclasses/fractions that were also assessed for their antiplatelet potency. The PL from low in tannins apple juice exhibited the strongest antiplatelet effects against PAF and ADP, while PL from its fermented cider product were less active. Moreover, the phosphatidylcholines (PC) in apple juices and the phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) in apple ciders were the most bioactive HPLC-derived PL subclasses against PAF-induced platelet aggregation. Structural elucidation of the fatty acid composition by gas chromatography mass spectra (GCMS) analysis showed that PL from all samples are rich in beneficial monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and omega 3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), providing a possible explanation for their strong anti-platelet properties, while the favorable low levels of their omega-6/omega-3 (n-6/n-3) PUFA ratio, especially for the bioactive PC and PE subclasses, further support an anti-inflammatory cardio-protective potency for these apple products. In conclusion, Irish apple juice and Real Irish cider were found to possess bioactive PL compounds with strong antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory properties, while fermentation seems to be an important modulating factor on their lipid content, structures and bioactivities. However, further studies are needed to evaluate these effects.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/2/412CVDplateletspolar lipidsfermentationapplecider |
| spellingShingle | Alexandros Tsoupras Donal Moran Hayley Pleskach Maria Durkin Con Traas Ioannis Zabetakis Beneficial Anti-Platelet and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Irish Apple Juice and Cider Bioactives Foods CVD platelets polar lipids fermentation apple cider |
| title | Beneficial Anti-Platelet and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Irish Apple Juice and Cider Bioactives |
| title_full | Beneficial Anti-Platelet and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Irish Apple Juice and Cider Bioactives |
| title_fullStr | Beneficial Anti-Platelet and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Irish Apple Juice and Cider Bioactives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Beneficial Anti-Platelet and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Irish Apple Juice and Cider Bioactives |
| title_short | Beneficial Anti-Platelet and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Irish Apple Juice and Cider Bioactives |
| title_sort | beneficial anti platelet and anti inflammatory properties of irish apple juice and cider bioactives |
| topic | CVD platelets polar lipids fermentation apple cider |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/2/412 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alexandrostsoupras beneficialantiplateletandantiinflammatorypropertiesofirishapplejuiceandciderbioactives AT donalmoran beneficialantiplateletandantiinflammatorypropertiesofirishapplejuiceandciderbioactives AT hayleypleskach beneficialantiplateletandantiinflammatorypropertiesofirishapplejuiceandciderbioactives AT mariadurkin beneficialantiplateletandantiinflammatorypropertiesofirishapplejuiceandciderbioactives AT contraas beneficialantiplateletandantiinflammatorypropertiesofirishapplejuiceandciderbioactives AT ioanniszabetakis beneficialantiplateletandantiinflammatorypropertiesofirishapplejuiceandciderbioactives |